The monuments at Mahabalipuram are monolith beautiful sculptures depicting our rich history and culture. The monuments and temples at Mahabalipuram including the Shore Temple complex were collectively classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1984.

The Mahabalipuram stone sculptures carved in stone have been inspired by the Pallava style of art. Each of the monuments at Mahabalipuram is dedicated to a deity or character from Hindu mythology and thereby represents Shaivism, Vaishnavism and Shaktism.

The monuments include – Rathas (chariot shaped temples), Mandapas (cave temples), Rock Reliefs, Structural Temples and Excavations.

The monuments at Mahabalipuram have lots in store for art lovers and history buffs. Mahabalipuram falls in Kanchipuram District and is well connected to all major cities through road. The nearest airport is at Chennai (around 60 kilometres away).

Kodaikanal – The Princess of Hill Stations

Kodaikanal is a lovely lake town situated near Palani in the hills of Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu. It is popularly known as “The Princess of Hill Stations”. The name Kodaikanal in Tamil means “The Gift of the Forest”. However, the name has four more possible interpretations based on how it is pronounced in Tamil language. It is referred to as “a place to see in the summer” owing to its pleasant climate. It could also mean “the end of the forest” in a geographical sense as it is at the summit of Palani Hills. The place is also stated to mean “the forest of creepers/wine”

Major Attractions in Kodaikanal

Kodaikanal offers an array of places to visit according to one’s likings and preferences. Some of the major tourist attractions of Kodaikanal are:

Kodaikanal Lake

The Kodaikanal lake is an artificially created lake built in 1863 by Sir Vere Hendry. The lake covering 24-hectare is bordered by a 5 kilometre path. Boating, horse-rides, cycling, and a stroll along the lake are the highlights of this place.

Bryant Park

Bryant Park was landscaped by a British Army Officer, Glen Bryant. It is a well maintained botanical garden found east of the lake and 500 meters from the bus stand. It covers an area of 20.5 acres. The park is open throughout the year and offers a rainbow of flowers and ornamental plants. The Flower Show conducted during the month of May every year is a real treat for the eyes.

Coaker’s Walk, Kodaikanal

Running along the edge of steep slopes on the southern side of Kodaikanal is the 1-kilometre paved pedestrian path called the Coaker’s Walk, named after Lt. Coaker. It is at a distance of 500 meters from the bus stand. The place assures one of the best views extending to the Dolphin’s Nose in the south, the valley of Pambar River in the southeast, and the town of Periyakulam and Madurai.

Pine Tree Forest, Kodaikanal

Found southwest of Kodaikanal, Pine Forest is yet another prominent tourist spot of Kodaikanal. Here, one can witness the myriad of pine trees aligned to as far as our vision goes. The pine plantations was started by Mr. Bryant in the year 1906. Photographers and nature enthusiasts would simply love this place. Scenes from various Indian movies have been shot here.

Poombarai Village (Kuzhanthai Velappar Temple)

The scenic village of Poombarai is 15 kilometres from Kodaikanal bus stand. At the heart of Poombarai village is Kudhanthai Velappar Temple which comes under the administration of Palani Temple. The temple houses the shrine of Lord Murugan in standing posture and has a history of over three thousand years.

Green Valley View

The Green Valley View formerly called the Suicide Point is a little more than 5 kilometres from the bus stand. It offers a breathtaking view of the Vaigai Dam to the south. The valley below this point is very deep and goes down to around 5000 ft.

Shenbaganur Museum Kodaikanal

The museum also known as Fauna Flora Museum was established in 1895. It is at a distance of around 5 kilometres from the Lake. Tourists can witness over 300 species of exotic orchids and a phenomenal taxidermy collection of more than 500 species of animals, birds and insects. It’s a place best suited for people inclined towards science and facts.

Kodaikanal Solar Observatory Museum

Located 6 kilometres from the bus stand on Observatory Road at 2343 meters is the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory Museum. A grand panorama of Kodaikanal through the Terrestrial Telescope, the popular Astronomical Science Museum, Astronomy Library are some of the captivating attributes of this place.

Pillar Rocks View Point

A set of three giant pillars standing 122 meters high, 8 kilometres from the bus stand are the Pillar Rocks Viewpoint. The beautiful view from the rocks makes it a crowded place. You could also visit the public garden adjacent to the view point.

Guna Caves, Kodaikanal

Deep narrow chambers between the three giant Pillar Rocks is the Devil’s Kitchen, now known as the Guna Caves (named after the Tamil movie Guna). Its mystery and adventure has led to many tragic incidents in the past and hence entry inside the cave is now prohibited.

Silver Cascade Waterfalls, Kodaikanal

Experience a refreshing environment at the Silver Cascade Waterfalls. At a distance of 8 kilometres from Kodaikanal, this waterfall was formed from the outflow of Kodaikanal lake. It is a perfect stop-over to have a break while on your journey from Kodaikanal to Madurai.

Dolphin’S Nose View Point

A quiet retreat to experience the beautiful valley of Kodaikanal at its best would be The Dolphin’s Nose viewpoint. This viewpoint, as the name suggests, is based on a flat and protruding piece of rock similar to a dolphin’s nose. It’s a splendid way to experience the peace and tranquility in the atmosphere of a hill station.

Kurinji Andavar Murugan Temple

This Murugan temple, situated 4 kilometres from the bus stand, refers to Lord Murugan as the “God of Hill”. The area surrounding the temple is famous for Kurinji flower which blooms once in 12 years. You could have an amazing view of Palani and Vaigai Dam from this temple.

Berijam Lake

This viewpoint is 21 kilometres South West of Kodaikanal Lake. It is a reservoir that hosts many species of animals, birds, plants and fishes. Entry is restricted by the Forest Department between 9.30 a.m. and 3 p.m. It’s a perfect place for bird watching, amiable photography and for some quiet nature time.

Things to do in Kodaikanal

Apart from spending time in nature’s lap, Kodaikanal offers a host of other recreational activities such as cycling, pony rides, boating, trekking and angling. Ensure a safe and enjoyable trek with our comprehensive trekking gear checklist. Tourists can also shop for some quality Eucalyptus oil, homemade chocolates, plums and pears and woolen clothing.

Ideal time to visit Kodaikanal

You can visit Kodaikanal anytime during the year as the temperature is always moderate, however the best time would be in the months of April to June, September and October. Watch out for the Summer Festival that takes place every year in the month of May.

How to reach Kodaikanal

Buses are available from Madurai Aarappalayam bus stand and Batlagundu. Frequent buses are also available from Palani, Kodairoad and Dindigul. The nearest Railway Stations to Kodaikanal are – Palani Railway Station in the north (64 kilometres) , Kodaikanal Road Station down south (80 kilometres), Dindigul Junction in the east (100 kilometres) and Madurai Junction nearly to the east (114 kilometres). The nearest Airports are in Madurai, Coimbatore, Tiruchirapalli and Tuticorin.

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Ooty – The Queen of Hill Stations

The beautiful town of Udhagamandalam, popularly known as Ooty is located in the Nilgiris District of Tamil Nadu. It’s fascinating gardens and cottages, beautiful lakes and waterfalls, vast stretches of grasslands, lofty mountainous peaks and frosty weather makes it a lovely blend of adventure, beauty and romance.

Places to visit in Ooty

The small town of Ooty offers galore of attractive destinations.

Botanical Gardens

Botanical Gardens attract tourists from all over the world. The garden has an explicit collection of flowers, trees, beautiful shrubs and coloured lilies.

Ooty Lake & Boat House

Ooty Lake is behind the Central Bus stand and near to Ooty Railway station. Local ponies for jolly rides, boat races, children park, deer park are the means of entertainment for the visitors.

Rose Centenary Garden

Laid on 10 acres of land, situated in the heart of Ooty town is the enchanting Rose Centenary Garden. It is maintained by Tamil Nadu Horticulture Department. Its prominent features include the unusual colours and collection of roses that will simply captivate your senses. “Nila Maadam” is located in a spot from where visitors can see the entire rose garden.

Pykara Lake & Pykara Boat House

Pykara village is 19 kilometres from Ooty. Pykara Lake is a clean and scenic lake located between the hills. It is an isolated lake free from pollution and crowd.

Shooting Spots

The picturesque meadows found at 6 and 9 miles from Ooty town are the well-known Shooting Spots. This location has been a preferred location for Indian movies. A calm lake alongside the route leading to the viewpoint, surrounded by mountains and aligned by huge trees makes it an excellent picnic spot.

Avalanche Lake

Avalanche Lake derives its name from it being formed naturally due to a landslide back in 1823. This stunning spot is located at about 28 kilometres from Ooty. The lush green hillside landscape with clear water all around makes it a unique experience for tourists, especially for nature lovers.

Belikkal Lake

Belikkal lake is a popular tourist destination in Ooty. Spotting elephant, deer and tiger around the lake is very common, it being the source of drinking water for the wildlife living in the surrounding forest. It is also a nice spot for bird watching. Tourists can engage in trekking and hiking near the lake with the help of a proper guide.

Upper Bhavani Lake

A perfect getaway at around 48 kilometres from Ooty is the Upper Bhavani Lake. For people looking out for indulgence with nature, do not miss out on visiting the Upper Bhavani lake.

Sim’s Park

Sim’s Park is named after Mr. J.D. Sim, a former Secretary to the Government, who laid out the garden in 1874. The place has an exotic garden with many unique species of plants and shrubs. Tourists can witness the Annual Fruits and Vegetables show held every year in the month of May.

Nilgiris Mountain Railway

The Nilgiris Mountain Railway was built by the British in 1908. It is a 1000 mm metre gauge railway operated by the Southern Railway The train covers a distance of 26 kilometres connecting Ooty and Mettupalayam.
In July 2005, UNESCO declared the Nilgiris Mountain Railway as an extension to the World Heritage Site of Darjeeling Himalayan Railway. The train ride is a real delight to experience the tranquility and scenic atmosphere of Ooty.

Doddapetta Peak

Doddapeta meaning “a big mountain” is the highest peak located at 2637 meters in the Nilgiris Mountains. It is at a distance of 10 kilometres from Ooty covered by a reserved forest area around its peak. One could get an amazing view of the whole district from ‘The Telescopic House’ set up by the Tourism Department.

The Tea Factory & Tea Museum

The perfect aroma of tea could be found in Nilgiris District, home to the largest tea growing belts in India. Dodabetta Tea Factory at Coonoor was founded in 2005 and spreads out over an area of 1 acre of land. Adjacent to the Dodabetta Tea Factory is the Tea Museum.

Emerald Lake

Another very prominent tourist spot at Ooty is the Emerald Lake, located in Silent Valley in the Nilgiris District. It has a wonderful sun rise and sunset view and variety of birds in the locale. An ideal place for lovers of photography to soak in the natural beauty.

Things to do in Ooty:

Apart from visiting the spectacular locations, experiencing the joy of boating and the fun ride in the Nilgiri Mountain toy train, tourists also have the option of engaging in other entertaining activities such as fishing, golfing, horse racing and trekking. You could go shopping for handicrafts and woolen clothes. Homemade chocolates, tea, and spices are also very famous in Ooty.

Ideal time to visit Ooty

Ooty has a pleasant climate between the months of March to June. This constitutes the peak season for tourists to visit Ooty as you can venture out for sightseeing and have fun.

How to reach Ooty?

Ooty is well connected by road to major cities including Chennai, Coimbatore, Bangalore, Mysore, Calicut. By rail, Ooty is connected to Mettupalayam by narrow gauge and going forward is connected to Coimbatore. The nearest airport is Coimbatore at a distance of 104 kilometres.

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Overview

Dhanushkodi lying in the southern tip of Rameswaram is bordered by Bay of Bengal on one side and Indian Ocean on the other. The word Dhanushkode literally means “tip of the bow”.

The Devastating Cyclone of 1964

Dhanushkodi was a crowded and busy town until it was entirely washed out by a cyclonic storm on 22​nd​ December, 1964.

The Church, Railway Station and Passport Office are some of the shattered remnants that could be found in Dhanushkodi. The place is now occupied with a population of around 500 with a few fishermen and their families residing here.

Popular Attractions in Dhanushkodi

Dhanushkodi Beach

The Dhanushkodi beach extends upto 15 kilometres long. The shore in the beach witnesses high tides and hence is said to be unsafe for those who cannot swim.

A stroll and bike ride along the beach is a truly ecstatic experience to cherish.

Rama Sethu or Arichal Munai View Point

The point at which the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal merge is named “Arichal Munai” which can be viewed at Dhanushkodi.

It is believed that this is the place where Lord Rama pointed to the end of his bow and ordered his troops to build a bridge across the sea to reach the Land of Ravana (Sri Lanka) for rescuing his wife Goddess Sita.

The end of Rameswaram and merging of two seas (Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean) is marked by Arichal Munai or Rama Sethu.

How to reach Dhanushkodi

Public transport was started by Government of India, facilitating tourists to reach Dhanushkodi by using Government buses, auto rickshaws or by private vehicles such as bikes, car or van.

Dhanushkodi is located nearly 26 kilometres from Rameswaram bus stand and 24 kilometres from the railway station. Regular buses are available from Rameshwaram which is connected to all major cities through road and rail. The nearest airport from Dhanushkodi is at Madurai (about 198 kilometres away).

Epilogue

The spectacular view of the alluring beach, roaring tides, clear blue sea and shattered remnants of the once prominent city of Dhanushkodi fills the visitors with a feeling of wonder.

Tourist Attractions near Dhanushkodi:

• Ramanathaswamy Temple, Rameswaram
• Agni Theertham Beach
• APJ Abdul Kalam Memorial – Rameswaram
• Kunthukal Beach
• Pamban Bridge

Pamban Bridge: India’s First Sea Bridge – History, Facts & Travel Guide

Known to be India’s first sea bridge, the Pamban Bridge is an engineering marvel and one of its kind. Pamban Bridge is the bridge connecting the town of Rameswaram on Pamban Island to mainland India.

With 143 piers, spanning 2 kilometres between the mainland and the island, Pamban Bridge is the second longest sea bridge in India after the 2.3 kilometres long Bandra-Worli sea link in Mumbai’s western coast.

Pamban Bridge is located in Rameswaram which forms the south eastern tip of India. Rameswaram connects itself to mainland India through this century old sea bridge.

The Unique Design of Pamban Bridge

Pamban Bridge is the first cantilever bridge to be built. The double-leaf bascule section of the bridge was constructed a century ago, so that the ferry services are not interrupted. The bridge opens into two facilitating the ships and ferries to cross the Palk Strait that connects Rameswaram and Pamban Island. The splitting of the bridge is a breathtaking sight to marvel.

The bridge consists of over 140 spans with midway along the bridge (i.e 114th​ span) being called Scherzer span. The total length of the bridge is 2.057 kilometres. It has 145 spans of 12.20 metres steel girder and Scherzer navigational rolling lift span of 225 metres.

The Construction of Pamban Bridge

The construction of the rail bridge commenced by 1911 and was commissioned in February 24, 1914. German engineer Scherzer designed the central part of the bridge that opens up to allow ferry movement. On an average, 10 to 15 boats and small ships cross from beneath the bridge every month.

The cyclonic storm of 1964 that flattened the port town Dhanushkodi caused a huge damage to the bridge but the rolling life centre span was not damaged. Around 600 workers and 4000 tonnes of cement were used for the construction of the bridge.

Maintenance of the Bridge

The cyclone in 1964 led to a tragic train accident, after which the Indian Railways installed devices to check the wind velocity across the Pamban via duct. Train movement is halted on the bridge when the wind speed exceeds 58 kmph. The railway line on Pamban Bridge was converted from metre-gauge to broad-gauge in the year 2007.

Pamban Road Bridge – The Parallel Beauty!

Apart from the railway bridge, there is also a road bridge that connects Rameswaram to the mainland. Officially called the Annai Indira Gandhi Road Bridge, this bridge was opened in 1988 and runs parallel to the railway bridge. It is about 2.3 km long and offers breathtaking views of the ocean, fishing boats, and the railway bridge below.

Driving across this bridge is a thrilling experience, especially during sunrise or sunset when the golden light reflects off the water. The bridge is also a favorite spot for photographers and tourists who stop by to take in the scenic beauty. If you want the best view of the railway bridge, this road bridge is the perfect place to stop and watch the trains pass over the sea.

The New Pamban Bridge: India’s First Vertical Sea-Bridge

Recognizing the need for modernization, construction of a new Pamban Bridge commenced in February 2020. This contemporary structure, spanning 2,070 meters, features India’s first vertical lift mechanism, allowing sections to rise for maritime passage. Designed to accommodate double-track railway lines and future electrification, the new bridge stands 3 meters higher than its predecessor, enhancing both capacity and safety. As of September 2024, construction was completed, with trial runs conducted in October 2024. The bridge is slated to open for traffic on April 6, 2025, marking a significant milestone in India’s infrastructural development. ​

How to Reach Pamban Bridge

The bridge is located 14.8 kilometres from Rameswaram. Public or private transport is available to Pamban Bridge from Ramanathapuram and Rameswaram. Rameswaram has its own railway station. The nearest airports are at Madurai, around 120 kilometres from Ramanathapuram and Thoothukudi which is around 145 kilometres from Ramanathapuram.

Epilogue

Pamban Bridge is one of the prime attractions of Tamil Nadu. Take a ride over the fascinating Pamban Bridge for a thrilling experience. The bridge also offers a spectacular view of the sea, Rameswaram Island, Kunthukal Vivekananda Memorial and the nearby islands. One can also have a fun family time in the Children’s Park at Mandapam shore at the farther end of Pamban Bridge.

• Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Memorial – Rameswaram
• Ramanathaswamy Temple, Rameswaram
• Agni Theertham Beach
• Dhanushkodi

Agni Theertham Beach: A Sacred Pilgrimage Site

There are sixty-four ​Theerthams ​ (holy water bodies) in and around Rameswaram. Twenty-two of the ​Teerthams ​ are within the Ramanathaswamy Temple. Bathing in these Teerthams is considered equivalent to penance and forms a major aspect of the pilgrimage to Rameswaram. Each of the ​Theerthams ​ has its own significance.

The eastern sea shore opposite to the Ramanathaswamy Temple is Agni Theertham. Agni Theertham is​ ​considered to be the primary sea shore associated with the temple.

Discover the Spiritual Significance of Agni Theertham

As per the legend associated with the ​Theertham, Goddess Sita had to go through ​Agni Pariksha (ordeal in fire) to prove her chastity to Lord Rama. But being pure, sinless and chaste, the fire could not harm Goddess Sita. In order to wash his sin, having touched Goddess Sita, Lord Agni offered prayers to Lord Shiva and took a dip in the sea. This place has come to be known as Agni Theertham.

The Rituals and Beliefs Associated with Agni Theertham

• The word ​Agni ​ means fire in Sanskrit and ​Theertham ​ means holy water. Agni Theertham is regarded as a sacred pilgrimage centre among the Hindus.
• Devotees visiting the Theertham offer their prayers to the deity and take a dip in the holy waters for atonement of their sins.
• Sacred rituals that include rituals for the ancestors (​Tharpanam) are performed by the devotees in Agni Theertham.
• Bathing in the holy water on full moon and new moon days is considered most auspicious.
• Agni Theertham is the only Theertham of the ramanathaswamy Temple which is located outside the temple complex.

How to reach Agni Theertham

Rameswaram bus stand is just 3 kilometres away from Agni Theertham. You could take a bus or even hire an auto rickshaw to reach there. The nearest railhead is at Rameswaram, 3 kilometres away.

Rameswaram is well connected by road and rail with Chennai, Madurai, Coimbatore, Trichy and other important cities. The 2.3 kilometres long Indira Gandhi Road Bridge (popularly called Pamban Bridge) connects Mandapam (a place on Indian mainland) with Pamban (fisherman town in Rameswaram). The nearest airport is at Madurai, 163 kilometres from Rameswaram.

Near by Tourist Attractions to Agni Theertham Beach:

• Ramanathaswamy Temple, Rameswaram
• Dhanushkodi
• Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Memorial – Rameswaram
• Kunthukal Beach
• Pamban Bridge

Overview of Ramanathaswamy Temple, Rameswaram

Ramanathaswamy Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva and is located on Rameswaram Island in Ramanathapuram district. The temple has been built in Dravidian style of architecture.

Ramanathaswamy Temple forms a prominent pilgrimage centre for followers of Hinduism.

The Legend behind Ramanathaswamy Temple

The presiding deity of the temple, Lord Shiva venerated as Ramanathaswamy in ​Lingam ​form, is believed to have installed and worshipped by Lord Rama.

According to the Indian epic Ramayana, Lord Rama (the seventh avatar of Lord Vishnu) prayed to Lord Shiva for the absolution of his sins committed during his war against the demon king Ravana of Sri Lanka. Lord Rama directed his devotee Hanuman to bring a ​lingam from Himalayas. When Hanuman delayed in bringing the ​lingam, a small lingam was made out of sand by Sita, the consort of Lord Rama on the shores of Rameswaram. This is believed to be the lingam in the sanctum.

The Architecture of Ramanathaswamy Temple

The establishment of the temple from a thatched shed to the present structure is mainly attributed to the ​Setupatis ​of Ramanathapuram.

The sanctum of the temple has two lingams – ​Ramalingam ​ that was built by Sita from sand, resides as the main deity and ​Vishwalingam ​ brought by Hanuman from Kailash.

The temple has high compound walls on all four sides with huge towers to the east and west and finished gate towers to the north and south. The temple interior has striking long corridors. The outer set of corridors is regarded to be the longest in the world having 1212 pillars. The Rajagopuram ​ (temple tower) is 53 metres tall. The temple consists of various halls namely Anuppu Mandapam, Sukravara Mandapam, Setupati Mandapam, Kalyana Mandapam and Nandi Mandapam.

The temple houses separate shrines for Ramanathaswamy and his consort Goddess Parvathavardhini separated by a corridor. Shrines of Goddess Vishalakshi, Parvathavardhini, Subramanya, Nataraja, Hanuman, Lord Vishnu and Lord Ganesha can also be found inside the temple.

Interesting Facts about Rameswaram Ramanthaswamy Temple

• Rameswaram Ramanathaswamy Temple is one of the twelve ​Jyothirlinga ​ temples and one of the 274 ​Paadal Petra Sthalams. Three of the most revered ​Nayanars ​ (Saivite saints) – Appar, Sundarar and Tirugnana Sambandar have glorified the temple with their songs. The temple is one of the holy ​Char Dham ​ (four divine sites), the other three being Badrinath, Puri and Dwaraka.
• The temple boasts of its corridor with a 197-metre span from East to West and a 133-metre span from South to North, making it the longest one in Asia.
• As was instructed by Lord Rama, ​Vishwalingam ​ (brought by Hanuman from Kailash) is worshipped first even today.
• The Maratha kings who had ruled Thanjavur established rest houses throughout Rameswaram and Mayiladuthurai and donated them to the temple.
• It is believed that no Hindu devotee’s journey is complete without a pilgrimage to Varanasi and Rameswaram as a step towards attainment of salvation.

The Sacred 22 Holy Theerthams

There are sixty-four ​Theerthams (holy water bodies) in and around Rameswaram; ​Agni Theertham ​ considered to be the primary seashore associated with the temple. Twenty-two (22) of the ​Teerthams ​ are within the Ramanathaswamy Temple. Bathing in these Theerthams is considered equivalent to penance and forms a major aspect of the pilgrimage to Rameswaram. Each of the ​Theerthams ​ has its own significance. Temple Timings The temple is open in the morning from ​5:00 AM to 1:00 PM​ and in the evening from ​3:00 PM to 9:00 PM​.

The Rituals and Pujas at Rameshwaram Temple

Pooja details of Rameshwaram Temple	Timings
Palliyarai Deepa Aradhana	5:00 AM
Spadigalinga Deepa Aradhana	5:10 AM
Thiruvananthal Deepa Aradhana	5:45 AM
Vila Pooja	7:00 AM
Kalasanthi Pooja	10:00 AM
Uchikala Pooja	12 Noon
Sayaratchai Pooja	6:00 PM
Arthajama Pooja	8:30 PM
Pilliyarai Pooja	8:45 PM

Ramanathaswamy Temple Festivals

The prominent festivals observed in the temple are:

• Maha Sivarathri – 10 days festival during the Tamil month of Maasi (February-March)
• Vasanthotsavam – 10 days festival during the Tamil month of Vaikasi (May-June)
• Ramalinga Prathishtai – 3 days festival during the Tamil month of Aani (June-July)
• Thirukalyanam – 17 days festival during the Tamil month of Aadi (July-August)
• Navarathri – 10 days festival during the Tamil month of Purattasi (September-October)
• Kantha Sashti – 6 days festival during the Tamil month of Aippasi (October-November)
• Aarudhra Darshanam – 10 days festival during the Tamil month of Margazhi (December-January)

How to reach Rameswaram

Rameswaram is well connected by road and rail with Chennai, Madurai, Coimbatore, Trichy and other important cities. The 2.3 kilometres long Indira Gandhi Road Bridge (popularly called Pamban Bridge) connects Mandapam (a place on Indian mainland) with Pamban (fisherman town in Rameswaram). The city bus stand is at a distance of around 2 kilometres from Ramanathaswamy Temple. Rameswaram has a railway station, about 1.3 kilometres from the temple. The nearest airport is at Madurai, 163 kilometres from Rameswaram.

Epilogue

Ramanathaswamy Temple is a holy paradise for devotees and an ideal delight for tourists. With its architectural grandeur, imposing temple tower, magnificent long corridors, aesthetically carved pillars and holy water bodies purifying mind and soul, the temple attracts millions of pilgrims every year.

Tips for Visiting Rameswaram Ramanathaswamy Temple

Temple Rituals:

• Holy Bath: Take a dip in the sacred waters of the 22 holy theerthams, believed to purify the soul.
• Main Darshan: Seek the blessings of Lord Ramanatha Swamy at the main shrine.
• Pujas and Offerings: Participate in various pujas and offer prayers.

Temple Etiquette:

• Respectful Behavior: Maintain silence and a respectful demeanor within the temple premises.
• Photography Restrictions: Mobile phone is strictly not allowed inside the temple.
• Queue Discipline: Follow the queue system and wait patiently for your turn.

Exploring the Complex:

• Holy Wells: Visit the 22 holy wells, each with its own significance.
• Ramanathaswamy Temple: Admire the magnificent architecture and intricate carvings.
• Other Temples: Explore nearby temples like the Hanuman Temple and the Kothandarama Swamy Temple.

Local Cuisine:

• Vegetarian Options: Enjoy vegetarian dishes influenced by South Indian cuisine.
• Seafood Delights: Indulge in fresh seafood delicacies.

By following these tips, you can make the most of your pilgrimage to Ramanathaswamy Temple and immerse yourself in its spiritual significance.

Tourist Attractions near Rameswaram:

• Agni Theertham Beach
• Dhanushkodi
• APJ Abdul Kalam Memorial – Rameswaram
• Kunthukal Beach
• Pamban Bridge

The Velankanni Church also known as the Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health is located in the town of Velankanni. Velankanni Church, situated around the Coromandel Coast around 12 kilometres south of Nagapattinam, is considered one of the most prominent Christian pilgrimage centres in India.

More about Velankanni Church

Officially spelt as ‘Vailankanni’, this church is revered for its Roman Catholic shrine Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health. The Shrine of Our Lady of Velankanni is also known as “​the Lourdes of the East”.

The Velankanni church is dedicated to ​Virgin Mary and the ​Heavenly Mother. It is believed ​Virgin Mary appeared at this place along with Infant Jesus around the end of 16​th​ and the beginning of the 17th century. After this, Velankanni is said to have become a revered site for the followers of Christianity.

The first apparition of ​Mother Mary was at Matha Kulam (or Our Lady’s Tank) to a milk vendor boy. The second apparition is believed to be at Naduthittu to a lame boy. Our Lady is also said to have miraculously saved Portugese sailors from violent sea at Velankanni.

There are no written records or attested statements that support the various apparitions attached to the shrine. The ​Holy See (jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome) has not approved the alleged apparitions or phenomena, yet the cult of the Lady of Velankanni persists.

Architecture of the Velankanni Church

The Velankanni Church is an imposing structure with three chapels within its confines. The church was extended on the southern side in the year 1928 while the northern side underwent extension in the year 1933. However, an extension was made to the Basilica in the year 1974-75 keeping in mind the design of the Basilica in Lourdes in France.

Within the premises of the church is found the Shrine Basilica Main Church, Our Lady’s Tank, Lower Basilica, Upper Basilica Morning Star Church and Naduthittu Church.

Velankanni Church Opening Timings

The church is open on all days from ​5:00 AM to 9:00 PM​. Daily service at Church includes masses given in Tamil, Malayalam and English. Devotees can also attend Novena Prayers, Rosary and Evening prayers.

Velankanni Church Mass Timings

​Shrine Basilica Main Church

• 5:40 AM – Morning Prayer
• 6:00 AM – Mass in Tamil
• 6:45 AM – Matha Blessing (Every Saturday)
• 3:00 PM – Eucharistic Adoration Daily

​Our Lady’s Tank

• 7:00 AM – Mass in Tamil (Every Saturday)
• 6:30 PM – Mass in Tamil (Lent Season only)

Lower Basilica

• 7:00 AM – Mass in Tamil
• 7:30 AM – Mass in Tamil (Sunday only)
• 10:00 AM – Mass in English
• 12:00 Noon – Mass in Tamil
• 4:00 PM – Mass in Konkani (Every Tuesday)
• 5:00 PM – Mass in Tamil (Sunday Parishners Mass)

Upper Basilica

• 8:00 AM – Mass in Telugu
• 11:00 AM – Mass in Hindi
• 4:00 PM – Mass in Malayalam (Every Sunday)

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Morning Star Church

• 9:00 AM – Mass in Malayalam
• 4:00 PM – Mass in Tamil (Monday to Saturday)
• 8:00 PM – Mass in Konkani

Naduthittu Church

• 7:00 AM – Mass in Tamil (Last Saturday of the month)

How to reach Velankanni Church

Velankanni Church is located at a distance of 12 kilometres from Nagapattinam and 350 kilometres south of Chennai. Local transportation such as buses and taxis can be easily accessed to reach the church. The nearest railway station to Velankanni Church is at Nagapattinam. Trichy Airport (160 kilometres away) and Chennai International Airport (350 kilometres away) are the nearest terminals to the church.

Epilogue

Velankanni Church has been declared as a holy city by Pope and attracts devotees in large numbers from across the world. The church is revered by people of different nationalities irrespective of their caste, creed and religion.

Tiruchendur Murugan Temple

Arulmigu Subramanya Swamy Temple is located in the town of Tiruchendur along the shores of the Bay of Bengal. The temple is an ancient Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Murugan. It is one of the six sacred abodes (Arupadaiveedu) of Lord Murugan.

Legend

According to the legend, Tiruchendur is the place where Lord Murugan (the second warrior son of Lord Shiva) defeated the demon Surapadman. It is further believed that the divine demigods wanted to worship Lord Murugan in a place marked by the expanse of mountains, sea and river and hence Tiruchendur was chosen.

The Temple Structure of Tiruchendur Subramanya Swamy Temple

The Raja Gopuram (temple tower) is built on the western side of the temple, unlike other temples where the Raja Gopuram is erected on the eastern side, the reason being that the sea is very close in the eastern side.

The Gopuram is nine-tier that is 138 feet high. The sanctum sanctorum of the temple has Lord Subramanyam in a standing posture. To his left is the shrine of Sivalinga Jagannatha.

Temple Festivals of Tiruchendur Subramanya Swamy Temple

• Brahmotsavam is held twice in a year during the Tamil months of Masi (February-March) and Aavani (August-September). The festival is held for 12 days and is witnessed by thousands of worshippers every year.
• The Vasantha Festival is a 10 day festival held in the Tamil month of Chittirai (April-May).
• Vaikasi Visagam (May-June)
• Skanda Sasti Festival is a 7 day festival held in the Tamil month of Aippasi (October-November)

Temple Timings in Tiruchendur Subramanya Swamy Temple

Temple is open on all days from 5:00 AM to 9:00 PM.

Pooja Details of Tiruchendur Subramanya Swamy Temple

Pooja Name	Pooja Timing
Suprabatam	5:10 AM
Viswaroopa Darshanam	5:30 AM
Dwajasthamba Namaskaram	5:45 AM
Udaya Marthanda Abhishekam	6:15 AM
Udaya Marthanda Deeparadhanai	7:00 AM
Kalasandhi Pooja	8:00 to 8:30 AM
Kalasha Pooja	10:00 AM
Uchikala Abhishekam	10:30 AM
Uchikala Deeparadhanai	12:00 Noon
Sayaratchai Pooja	5:00 PM
Arthasama Abhishekam	7:15 PM
Arthasama Pooja	8:15 PM
Ekanda Seva	8:30 PM
Ragasia Deeparadhanai	8:45 PM
Nadai Thirukappiduthal	9:00 PM

How to reach Tiruchendur Subramanya Swamy Temple

The temple is located at a distance of 60 kilometres south-east of Tirunelveli, 40 kilometres from Tuticorin and 75 kilometres north-east of Kanyakumari.

Tiruchendur is well connected with many major cities across South India. Thoothukudi Railway Station is the nearest station to the temple at a distance of around 42 kilometres. The nearest airport is at Madurai (around 99 kilometres away).

Kuttralam Main Falls / Coutrallam Main Falls – The Spa of South India

Kuttralam situated in Tenkasi District is popularly called the “Spa of South India”. The beauty of this exotic location is enriched by thundering waterfalls, vast stretch of greenery and pristine surroundings. Kutralam is adorned with ancient temples and many other places of interest. Also known as the herbal hill, water flowing from the magnificent waterfalls is said to have medicinal values owing to which many health resorts and clinics have come up in and around the town. Several perennial rivers such as Thamirabarani River, Chittar River, Manimuthar River and Pachaiyar River originate is this region of Tirunelveli.

Coutrallam Location

Coutrallam/Kuttralam is a panchayat town situated at an elevation of 160 metres on the Western Ghats in Tenkasi District of Tamil Nadu.

Reference to the Literature

The word Kutralam is derived from the word “Kuru aal” meaning dwarf banyan trees. The region came to be known as Kutralam as the forests of this area were full of dwarf banyan trees. The famous poet Thiurkudarasappa Kavirayar glorifies the beauty and magnificence of this quaint town located near Thenkasi in the South of Tamil Nadu. It also finds a place in Sangam Literature, where its beauty is compared to the beauty of a woman.

Major Waterfalls in Kuttralam

There are nine major waterfalls in Kutralam. People from across the country visit this place to soak in the essence of herbs and rejuvenate in the waters of Kutralam falls.

Coutrallam Main Falls (Peraruvi)

One of the prime attractions, Peraruvi is the biggest among the nine falls. At Kuttralam Main Falls, waterfalls from a height of 60 metres and slows down due to a natural crater named Pongumakadal (19 metres deep). The water flows through rocks with sculptors of Shiva Lingams and various other Gods. This aspect along with the healing properties that the water possesses, makes a bath in the falls a truly divine and refreshing experience. It is also normal practice to comfort oneself with a body massage after the bath.
During peak season, the falls become crowded and tourists line up in queues for a bath. The huge falls can accommodate around 300 people simultaneously.

Small Falls (Chitraruvi)

Chitraruvi is a small falls lying adjacent to the kuttralam main falls. A walk up the hill from Chitraruvi leads to other falls like Shenbaga Devi and Thenaruvi. Tourists can have a milder shower here as the water flow is very thin. There are facilities for men and women to bathe separately.

Shenbagadevi Falls

Trekking through the Chitaruvi Forest for a distance of 2.5 kilometres and at a height of 40 feet above the Chitaruvi Falls is the Shenbagadevi Falls. The water at Shenbagadevi Falls flows through Shenbaga trees. There is a temple here dedicated to Shenbagadevi Amman. During full moon days, a throng of pilgrims visit this temple.

Thenaruvi (Honey Falls)

Thenaruvi is at a distance of 3 kilometres from the main falls. It is 40 metres high falls cascading between two large stones. The Falls gets its name from the honeycombs found on the hills. The horseshoe-shaped waterfall is at the end of a trail that find its way through dense woods and steep mountain paths. The trek is risky and so the place is restricted for public.

Aintharuvi (Five Falls) in Kuttralam

Yet another popular spot in Kutralam, Aintharuvi is located at 4 kilometres from Kutralam town. As the name suggests, the falls cascades down through five separate sections to become one stream is it flows downhill. Of the five sections, two are allotted to women and three for men to bathe. Tourists can also visit the Eco Park and boat house around the area apart from several popular nearby temples.

Pazhathotta Aruvi (Orchard Falls)

Found above the Aintharivu, flowing from the orchard above and surrounded by picturesque aura is the Pazhathotta Aruvi. It is also referred to as the VIP Falls as entry was permitted only to politicians and bureaucrats. However, entry is now restricted to everyone.

Pazhaya Courtalla Aruvi (Old Coutrallam Falls)

At a distance of around 6 kilometres from the Main Falls is the Pazhaya Courtalla Aruvi also called as Shivamathungai Falls. The Falls were made suitable for bathing by changing the course of water which originally flowed into a valley formed between two large rocks. Steps have been cut into the rocks to make it safe for bathing under this Falls which flows down from a height of 200 metres. There are separate areas for men and women to have a bath along with oil massages.

Puli Aruvi (Tiger Falls)

Puli Aruvi gets its name from the fact that it was a watering hole for tigers in the past. It is a mild waterfall formed on private property, around 2 kilometres from the Courtallam bus stand. The water flowing down accumulates in a lake and then is streamed along canals for irrigation. Sastha Temple, a bathing Ghat and an old palace which now is private property is found near the Falls.

The Private Falls

There is another small falls found above the Five Falls inside the Government Horticulture park, but it is not open to public. The Main Falls, Five Falls and Courtallam Falls can be reached by road, however, Shenbaga Waterfalls and Honey Falls can be reached only on foot by mountain trekking.

Places to Visit in Coutrallam or Kutralam

Some of the other places of interest that could be visited near Kutralam are:

• Palaruvi (Milk Falls) – It lies at the Tamil Nadu – Kerala border at the mountain pass named Aryankavu.
• Gundaru Aruvi – Located at a distance of 10 kilometres from Kutralam, near Sengottai. Traveling 2 kilometres inward from the Gundaru Dam will take you to Gundaru Aruvi.
• Kannupuli Mettu – Located at a distance of 5 kilometres to the west Sengottai Taluk Office at the top of Gundaru Reservoir.
• Recreational Spots – Children’s Park, Aquarium and Snake park near Main Falls, Eco Park near Five Falls, Therkumalai Estate, around one hour travel from Honey Falls, Boat Houses near Five Falls and Old Courtallam Falls, Gundam Dam & Reservoir near Senkottai.
• Major Pilgrimage Centre –
  The Chitra Sabha at Kutralam is one of the five sabhas where Lord Nataraja (a form of Lord Shiva) is said to have performed his divine dance. The historical paintings and other religious events are very significant here.
  The Kutralanathar Temple near to the Main Falls is dedicated to Lord Shiva. The temple is around 2000 years old and Tamil inscriptions of Chola and Pandyan periods can be found here.
• Other temples near Kutralam include
  • Thirukutralanathar Temple
  • Chitra Sabai Sivan Temple – Kuttralam
  • Kasi Viswanathar Temple, Tenkasi (6 kms from Kutralam)
  • Thirumalai Temple, Panpoli (8 kms from Kutralam)
  • Kumaran Temple, Ilanji (3 kms from Kutralam)
  • Dakshinamoorthy Temple, Puliyarai (12 kms from Kutralam)
  • Ulagaambigai & Lord Shiva Temple, Papanasam (35 kms to the Southeast of Kutralam)
  • Ariyankavau Ayappan Temple (35 kms to the Northwest of Kutralam)
  • Sri Siddheswari Peetham, Courtallam
• Papanasam River at a distance of 35 kms from Kutralam
• The Banatheertham Falls and Agasthiyar Falls near Papanasam
• Lower Papanasam Dam, Kaaraiyar Dam, Servalar Dam and Manimuthar Dam near Papanasam
• Kalakaddu – Mundanthurai Tiger Sanctuary near Papanasam
• Kumbavuruti Aruvi – Located at a distance of 32 kms from kutralam, on the way to Achan Koil in Kerala.

Unique Attributes of Coutrallam

• Flora & Fauna – Apart from the rare herbs, Kutralam is rich with diverse flora and fauna found around the place. Around 2000 varieties of flowers and plants have been identified in the hills at Kutralam.
• Tourists savor in the fresh and hot Halwa prepared and sold at shops on the way to Kuttralam Main Falls.
• The aromatic masala milk sold usually in the evenings is very popular among the tourists.
• The towel made up of thin fiber and pure organic cotton, called the Aruvi Thundu, is a unique accessory that dries up very quickly and is very useful for having a bath in various falls. Tourists can get it in the nearby textile shops.
• The famous Border Kadai is at a distance of just 5 minutes from Kutralam. It is well known for its parottas and non-vegetarian cuisine.
• Tourists looking out for an elegant meal can drop at Vinayaga Dosa Kadai, located at Melagaram on the road from Thenkasi to Kutralam. One can relish the several varieties of Dosa available here.
• Courtallam encompasses hotels, lodges, and resorts according to the budget.

Ideal time to visit Kuttralam or Coutrallam

Best time to visit would be from June to December from the onset of South West Monsoons. If due to heavy rains the falls get flooded, people would not be allowed to take bath in the falls.

How to reach Coutrallam Falls?

Senkottai is the nearest bus stand. Frequent buses ply to Coutrallam. The nearest railway hub is at Thenkasi (5kms) and the nearest airport is Tuticorin Airport and Trivandrum International Airport.