The Amaravathi Crocodile Farm is a popular tourist attraction located in Amaravathi, which is a town in the Tiruppur district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The farm is officially known as the “Amaravathi Crocodile Rehabilitation and Research Centre.” It is dedicated to the conservation and breeding of crocodiles.

Crocodile Breeding in the center :

The farm is involved in breeding different species of crocodiles, including the Mugger crocodile and the Indian Gharial. The center plays a crucial role in preserving and rehabilitating these reptiles, which are considered endangered in the wild.

Mugger Crocodile :

The Mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) is a moderate-sized freshwater crocodile species that hails from the Indian subcontinent and neighboring areas. In comparison to some of their larger crocodile relatives, Muggers are relatively modest in size, typically reaching lengths of 8 to 10 feet (2.5 to 3 meters) in adulthood, although exceptionally large individuals can extend to impressive lengths of up to 13 feet (4 meters).

Muggers primarily make their homes in freshwater ecosystems, including rivers, lakes, and marshes, but they can also adapt to brackish water environments. These adaptable crocodiles are known to inhabit a wide variety of aquatic habitats throughout their native range.

Indian Gharial :

The Indian Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) is a crocodile species in critical endangerment, native to the Indian subcontinent. It stands out due to its distinctive and elongated snout, which distinguishes it from other crocodile species. This specialized snout is perfectly designed for its primary diet, fish.

Among all crocodilian species, Gharials are some of the largest, with adult males capable of reaching impressive lengths of up to 15-20 feet (4.5-6 meters), although larger individuals have been occasionally documented. These extraordinary reptiles are finely adapted to life in swiftly flowing rivers and are predominantly found in the major river systems of the Indian subcontinent, including the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Indus rivers.

Research in Amaravathi Crocodile Farm:

The Amaravathi Crocodile Rehabilitation and Research Centre, also known as the Amaravathi Crocodile Farm, is dedicated to both conservation and research related to crocodiles. It serves as an educational center as well, providing information and raising awareness about these reptiles.

Crocodile Behavior and Biology: The farm conducts research to better understand the behavior, biology, and ecology of crocodiles, specifically focusing on the Mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) and the Indian Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus). This research can include studies on their feeding habits, reproduction, territorial behavior, and response to environmental changes.

Habitat Studies: Researchers at the center may conduct studies on the crocodiles’ natural habitat and the environmental factors that affect their populations. Understanding their habitat requirements is essential for conservation efforts.

Conservation Programs: The research conducted at Amaravathi Crocodile Farm contributes to conservation programs aimed at protecting these endangered crocodile species. This may involve captive breeding, habitat restoration, and the release of individuals back into the wild.

Genetic Research: Genetic research is important for assessing the genetic diversity and health of crocodile populations. It helps in identifying potential inbreeding risks and can inform breeding and conservation strategies.

Education:

Visitor Center: The crocodile farm likely has a visitor center where the public can learn about crocodiles, their conservation status, and their role in the ecosystem. Visitors can view the crocodiles and engage with educational displays and exhibits.

Guided Tours: Guided tours are often available for visitors, where knowledgeable guides provide information about crocodile biology, conservation efforts, and safety guidelines for interacting with crocodiles.

Awareness Programs:

The crocodile farm likely hosts school groups and educational tours, providing students with a unique opportunity to learn about crocodiles and their conservation. These visits may include interactive presentations, guided tours, and hands-on activities.

Awareness programs can highlight the crocodile farm’s conservation efforts and how individuals can support these initiatives. This might include opportunities for volunteering, adopting a crocodile, or contributing to conservation projects.

The crocodile farm may collaborate with non-governmental organizations (NGOs), wildlife departments, and government agencies to further their conservation and awareness efforts.

In today’s digital age, awareness programs may also include online resources such as informative websites, social media presence, and virtual tours to reach a broader audience.

Visiting Hours and Entry Fee of Amaravathi :

The Crocodile farm welcomes visitors every day from 9:00 AM to 06:00 PM. The entrance fee is Rs. 20 per person, and there is an additional Rs. 20 charge for camera usage and bikes. If you’re arriving by car, there is a parking fee of Rs. 50.

How to reach Amaravathi Crocodile Farm:

Traveling by Road:

• From Tiruppur: If you’re starting your journey from Tiruppur, simply head east in the direction of Amaravathi. The crocodile farm is situated approximately 25-30 kilometers to the east of Tiruppur, accessible via State Highway 21.
• From Nearby Cities: If you’re traveling from nearby cities like Coimbatore, utilize major highways such as NH 67 and NH 544 to reach Tiruppur. Once in Tiruppur, follow the aforementioned directions to reach the crocodile farm.

Traveling by Train:

• Using the Nearest Railway Station: The closest major railway station to Amaravathi is Tiruppur Junction. You can opt for a train to Tiruppur from various cities, and from there, you can continue your journey by road to reach the crocodile farm.

Traveling by Air:

• Utilizing the Nearest Airport: Coimbatore International Airport serves as the nearest airport to Amaravathi. You can book a flight to Coimbatore from major cities across India. Upon arrival at Coimbatore, you can then hire a taxi or use public transportation to make your way to Amaravathi, which is approximately 60-70 kilometers from the airport.

Situated in the village of Keezhadi near Madurai, Tamil Nadu, the Keezhadi Museum, also referred to as the Keeladi Museum, is an archaeological institution with a specific focus. It is committed to presenting the remarkable archaeological discoveries unearthed at the Keezhadi excavation site. These findings have significantly contributed to our understanding of the historical and cultural heritage of the region.

Archaeological Significance of Keezhadi excavation:

The archaeological importance of the Keezhadi excavation site extends to unraveling the enigmas of ancient Tamil Nadu and the broader Indian subcontinent.

• Discoveries from the Sangam Era: Keezhadi has yielded findings that trace their origins to the Sangam era, a significant period spanning from the 3rd century BCE to the 3rd century CE in the annals of Tamil Nadu’s history. These artifacts and architectural remains offer a window into the lifestyle, culture, and societal structures of that era.
• Evidences of Urbanization and Commerce: The revelations at Keezhadi hint at an early urban civilization flourishing in the region, characterized by meticulously planned streets and well-constructed edifices. The presence of a diverse array of artifacts, including pottery, seals, and inscriptions, underscores the existence of a sophisticated society actively engaged in trade and the exchange of cultural ideas.
• Script and Language: One of the most significant findings at Keezhadi is the presence of Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions, which provide valuable evidence of early Tamil script and language. These inscriptions offer a unique window into the linguistic evolution of the Tamil language.
• Grains and Storage Facilities: The discovery of grains and storage facilities suggests that agriculture and food storage were crucial aspects of life in the region. This finding also indicates an advanced level of urban planning.
• Ornaments and Jewelry: Various ornaments and jewelry items made from materials like gold, ivory, and copper have been discovered. These items reflect the artistic and aesthetic sensibilities of the time and are indicative of the people’s craftsmanship.
• Cultural Practices: Artistic and cultural artifacts found at the site, including sculptures, figurines, and pottery, offer insights into the religious and artistic practices of the people who lived at Keezhadi during the Sangam era. These artifacts contribute to the understanding of the cultural and artistic heritage of the region.
• Historical Narratives: Keezhadi’s discoveries have prompted historians and scholars to revisit and reassess the historical narratives of Tamil Nadu. The site challenges previous assumptions about the early history of the region and underscores the need for a more comprehensive and accurate historical account.

Educational and Public Awareness:

The historical interpretation of Keezhadi is not limited to academic circles. It has generated immense interest among the public and served as an educational resource for people interested in their cultural heritage. The site has become a symbol of pride and a source of historical knowledge for the local community and beyond.

• Educational Tours: The Keezhadi Museum and the excavation site have become destinations for school and college field trips. Educational institutions organize visits to the site and museum to provide students with hands-on learning experiences in archaeology, history, and culture.
• Research and Scholarly Work: The archaeological findings at Keezhadi have piqued the interest of researchers, historians, and archaeologists. They conduct in-depth studies, write research papers, and contribute to the scholarly understanding of the Sangam era and Tamil culture.
• Tourism and Economic Impact: Increased public awareness of Keezhadi has led to a rise in tourism to the region. This influx of visitors has not only educated people about the site but also boosted the local economy.
• Online Presence: Keezhadi and the museum have a presence on the internet, with websites, social media profiles, and virtual tours. These digital platforms provide a means for people to learn about the site and its historical significance.

How to reach Keezhadi:

• By Air: Madurai Airport (IXM), situated around 40 kilometers (25 miles) from Keezhadi, is the nearest major airport. Upon landing at the airport, you have the choice of either hiring a taxi or utilizing public transportation to make your way to Sivaganga.
• By Train: For those preferring the railway route, Sivaganga Railway Station is the closest station to Keeladi. You can board a train to Sivaganga from various cities within Tamil Nadu. Upon your arrival at the station, you can proceed to Keezhadi by hiring a taxi or utilizing local transportation.
• By Road: An alternative option is to reach Sivaganga by road. Multiple buses and private vehicles offer services connecting Sivaganga to various cities across Tamil Nadu. Utilizing the road network, you can easily access Sivaganga and subsequently continue your journey to Keezhadi.

Vaitheeswaran Koil: A Spiritual Retreat in Mayiladuthurai

Vaitheeswaran Temple, also recognized as Vaitheeswaran Kovil, stands as a celebrated Hindu temple nestled in the town of Vaitheeswaran Koil, situated within the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. This sacred shrine is consecrated to Lord Shiva and is notably linked with his divine persona as the ultimate healer, Vaidyanathar, or Vaitheeswaran, signifying “the Supreme Healer.” Thingalur Chandran Temple has gained renown for its affiliation with Angarakan, also known as Mars, one of the Navagrahas in Hindu astrology. Devotees believe that offering worship to Angarakan in this temple can help alleviate the negative influences of Mars in one’s astrological chart. Image Attribution: @vaitheeswaran_temple from instagram

Architecture of Vaitheeswaran Temple:

The temple complex is adorned with towering gopurams at its entrances. These intricate, pyramid-shaped towers are typically covered in colorful sculptures and carvings depicting various deities and mythological stories. The gopurams serve as a visual gateway to the divine realm. The main mandapam, known as the Ardha Mandapam, leads to the sanctum sanctorum and features beautifully carved pillars and ceilings.The heart of the temple is the central shrine dedicated to Lord Vaidyanathar, the divine healer. The temple complex also houses a sacred tank known as the Siddhamirtham. Pilgrims believe that taking a holy dip in this tank can cleanse one’s sins and bring about physical and spiritual healing.

Deities of Vaitheeswaran Temple:

The presiding deity of Thingalur Chandran Temple is Lord Vaidyanathar, an aspect of Lord Shiva. He is venerated as the ultimate healer who has the power to cure various physical and mental ailments. Devotees come to seek his blessings for health and well-being. Thaiyal Nayaki Amman, the spouse of Lord Vaidyanathar, receives reverence at Thingalur Chandran Temple. She is regarded as a manifestation of divine feminine energy and is closely linked with qualities of fertility and nurturing.

Religious Significance:

The temple is closely associated with the Navagrahas, the nine celestial bodies in Hindu astrology. Worshipping these planetary deities at Vaideeswaran Temple is believed to mitigate the adverse effects of planetary positions in one’s horoscope. This has profound religious significance for those seeking astrological remedies.

Vaitheeswaran Temple Rituals and Festivals:

The temple celebrates various festivals with great religious fervor. Maha Shivaratri, Thai Poosam, and Aadi Perukku are some of the important festivals that draw large crowds. Special rituals and ceremonies are conducted during these occasions, adding to the religious significance of the temple.

Nadi Astrology or Nadi Josiyam:

Vaitheeswaran Temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva as Vaidyanathar (the Lord of Healing), is known for its connection to Nadi Astrology. It is believed that the temple houses a collection of Nadi leaves that contain astrological information related to individuals. Devotees and visitors come to Vaitheeswaran Temple to consult Nadi Astrologers who specialize in reading these palm leaves. To initiate the process, individuals are required to provide their thumbprints, which are used to search for the specific Nadi leaf that contains their astrological information.

Vaitheeswaran Temple Timings:

Vaitheeswaran Kovil is open daily from 6 AM to 1 PM and from 4 PM to 9 PM. However, please be aware that the temple’s opening and closing hours are subject to change during special pujas and festive occasions.

How to reach Vaitheeswaran Temple:

By Road: Vaitheeswarankoil is situated 13 kilometers (8.1 miles) from Mayavaram and 90 kilometers (56 miles) from Thanjavur along the Thanjavur – Chidambaram highway. The temple is conveniently positioned on the State Highway connecting Sirkali to Mayiladuthurai, with regular bus services provided by the Tamil Nadu government for easy access. By Train: The closest railway station to Vaitheeswaran Koil is Mayiladuthurai Junction, which is well-connected to Chennai and other major cities. After arriving at Mayiladuthurai, you can choose to either hire a taxi or utilize local transportation to reach Vaitheeswaran Temple, situated approximately 30 kilometers away. By Air: If you prefer air travel, the neaṁ rest major airport is Trichy International Airport. Upon landing at Trichy, you have the option to either hire a taxi or take a  ṁconnecting flight or train to reach Trichy and subsequently continue your journey by road to Vaitheeswaran Koil.

The Vedagiriswarar Temple, a revered Hindu sanctuary dedicated to Lord Shiva, stands majestically in Tirukalukundram, also known as Thirukazhukundram, Tamil Nadu, India. This sacred abode rests atop a lofty hill, earning it the moniker “Kazhugu Koil” or the “Eagle Temple.” 

Vedagiriswarar Temple Complex:

The temple complex is a harmonious blend of two distinct structures, one nestled at the foothill and the other gracing the crest of the hill. The hill’s summit is adorned with the divine presence of Lord Shiva, known as Vedagiriswarar, while the temple at the base pays homage to his consort, Parvati, who is revered as Thiripurasundari Amman.

Evolution Of Thirukazhukundram:

The name “Thirukazhukundram” derives from Tamil words, where “thiru” signifies reverence, “kazhugu” represents vulture or eagle, and “kundram” denotes a mount. In ancient times, it was known as “Thirukazhugukundram,” a name that eventually evolved into “Thirukazhukundram.” This town also bears the title “Pakshi-theertham,” which translates to “Bird Holy Lake” because of a pair of birds (most likely Egyptian vultures) that are believed to have visited the site for centuries.

Architecture of Vedagiriswarar Temple:

The Vedagiriswarar Temple has a special style of building that’s called Dravidian. It’s very impressive and attracts both people who come to pray and people who are used to climbing mountains.
The temple at the bottom of the hill has four very tall gateways, which remind us of how beautiful the Annamalaiyar Temple is. There are also many old writings on the walls inside the temple that tell us about its history and importance in our culture.

Lakshadeepam Festival:

• This remarkable event occurs once every six years and is a grand celebration featuring an extraordinary lighting ceremony.
• The festival serves as the culmination of the 56-day Murajapam festival held at the Sree Padmanabhaswamy Temple.
  During Lakshadeepam, thousands of oil lamps illuminate the temple surroundings, casting a spellbinding and enchanting spectacle.
• Devotees from distant places make pilgrimages to the temple to witness this awe-inspiring event and seek divine blessings.

Vedagiriswarar Temple Timings:

The Vedagiriswarar Temple welcomes visitors during the following hours:

• Morning: 9:00 AM to 12:30 PM
• Evening: 4:30 PM to 7:15 PM

How to reach Vedagiriswarar temple:

• The nearest railway station is Chengalpattu Railway Station, which is approximately 12 kilometers away from the temple and then travel to Tirukazhukundram by bus.
• The nearest Airport is Chennai International Airport, which is 53.3 Kilometers away and then we can easily access the temple by taking a taxi or other available transportation options.
• The temple can be reached by using the local transportation- Bus, car etc.

The Vellode Bird Sanctuary, situated near the temple town of Erode in Tamil Nadu, offers a picturesque setting for bird enthusiasts and nature lovers. This sanctuary, established by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India in 1996, spans approximately 0.3 square miles and is renowned for its diverse avian population. It is centered around the serene Periyakulam Lake, enhancing its appeal to visitors.

Unique Habitat of Vellode Bird Sanctuary:

• Setting it apart from other bird sanctuaries in Tamil Nadu, the Vellode Bird Sanctuary is built around a tank rather than a woodland.
• This distinctive feature makes it an attractive destination for both migratory and non-migratory birds, providing them with rest, nesting sites, and a rich source of food.
• The sanctuary serves as a haven for thousands of birds, with migratory species arriving between October and December, while the monsoon season sees an abundance of fish, a vital food source for these avian visitors.

Community Conservation Efforts for Birds:

The Vellode Bird Sanctuary is surrounded by nearly eight villages whose residents have made a remarkable commitment to bird conservation.These communities have voluntarily refrained from celebrating Diwali with fireworks for over 15 consecutive years, recognizing the potential disturbance to the birds in the sanctuary.This inspiring initiative showcases the harmonious coexistence of humans and wildlife in the region.

Visitor Experience at Vellode Bird Sanctuary:

• Visitors to the sanctuary are in for an enriching experience. They can indulge in birdwatching from observatory towers strategically placed around the sanctuary, gain insights into the avian species at the interpretation center, and relish a meal at the tourist canteen.
• The sanctuary staff also provide binoculars upon request, ensuring a more immersive birdwatching experience.
• The ideal time to visit is from November to February when the sanctuary teems with a wide array of bird species.
• Entry Fee to visit bird sanctuary is Rs. 25 for adults and Rs. 1 per head for student groups and the visiting hours are from 8 AM to 6 PM.

How to reach Vellode Bird Sanctuary:

To reach the Vellode Bird Sanctuary, there are multiple transportation options.

• Travelers can take a bus from Erode bus station or hire a taxi from Erode Junction railway station.
• The Coimbatore International Airport, situated approximately 90 km away from Erode, offers convenient access for those arriving by air.

Thirumayam Fort, located at a distance of 18 kilometres from Pudukkottai is a place of immense historical importance. The Fort comes under the supervision of the Archaeological Survey of India.

Facts about Thirumayam Fort

• The Thirumayam Fort is said to have been built in 1687 AD by the Raja of Ramnad, Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi.
• It was later on handed over to his brother in law, Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman.
• The Fort was constructed in a ring shape with seven concentric walls surrounded by a broad moat. The Fort, however, has only four walls surviving now.
• The Fort currently stands on a 40-acre wide fortress, the original structure being two times larger that what it is today.
• The Fort has been renovated to a great extent in the year 2012, it being one of the prominent tourist attractions of Pudukkottai District.
• The fort has three entrances from the north, south and east directions.
• The top of the rock has a bastion with a cannon of British origin
• There are three rock-cut temples on the other side of the rock, two of them dedicated to Lord Shiva and the third one dedicated to Lord Vishnu.
• A Durbar Hall with carved inscriptions and a pillared corridor, shrines dedicated to guardian deities Lord Hanuman, Ganapathi, Karuppar and Goddess Sakthi (towards the southern side), a natural pond (to the northwest side) and a tank (to the southeast) forms a part of the structure.
• Lord Shiva is worshipped in the temple in the form of Bhairava.

Fort timings

The Fort is open to the public from 6:00 AM to 12 NOON in the morning and from 4:00 AM to 6:00 PM in the evening.

How to reach Thirumayam Fort

Thirumayam Fort is located in Thirumayam on the Pudukkottai-Karaikudi Highway in Pudukkottai District. Pudukkottai town is well connected by road to major cities in Tamil Nadu. The nearest railway station is at Pudukottai (19 kilometres away). The nearest airport is at Tiruchirapalli (around 67 kilometres away).