Jallikattu, also known as Sallikkattu, is a traditional bull-taming sport that forms an essential part of Tamil Nadu’s cultural heritage. People celebrate this vibrant event during Mattu Pongal, an important day of the Pongal Festival, which usually falls in January. Through Jallikattu, rural communities actively honor cattle, agriculture, and bravery, thereby preserving traditions that pass from one generation to the next.
The Spirit of the Sport
At its core, Jallikattu showcases a daring interaction between humans and powerful bulls. Participants firmly hold onto the bull’s hump and attempt to maintain control, while the bull actively tries to break free. Unlike other bull-related sports, Jallikattu does not aim to harm the animal. Instead, it highlights courage, agility, and deep respect for native cattle breeds.
Cultural Importance
Therefore, Jallikattu represents far more than a sport—it embodies Tamil identity, rural unity, and long-standing traditional values. Villagers gather in large numbers, and consequently, the atmosphere turns festive with music, rituals, and communal celebrations. Today, Jallikattu continues to spark meaningful discussions about cultural preservation while encouraging responsible and regulated practices.
Origin of Jallikattu Bull Festival:
The origins of the Jallikattu bull festival trace back to the Tamil classical era between 400–100 BCE. Initially, the Ayar tribes of the ancient Mullai region practiced it as a demonstration of strength and bravery. Over time, the event evolved into a celebrated display of courage and skill. Eventually, organizers introduced prize money to encourage wider participation and competitive spirit.
Controversies Surrounding Jallikattu:
Despite its deep cultural roots, Jallikattu has generated significant debate in recent decades.
- Animal rights activists argue that the event subjects bulls to stress and, in certain cases, injury during participation.
- Additionally, reports of injuries and occasional fatalities among participants have raised serious safety concerns.
Legal and Regulatory Measures:
In response to these concerns, the Tamil Nadu legislature enacted the Tamil Nadu Regulation of Jallikattu Act, 2009. This law establishes a structured framework to ensure that authorities conduct the event safely and responsibly:
- Organizers must obtain written permission from the district collector at least one month before the event.
- Authorities must prepare the arena carefully and maintain strict safety standards.
- Officials strictly prohibit the participation of individuals under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
- Organizers must provide adequate medical facilities and veterinary support throughout the event.
- The law strictly bans the use of sharp objects or any form of cruelty toward participating animals.
Furthermore, the Tamil Nadu Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Conduct of Jallikattu) Rules, 2017, introduced additional safeguards:
- Officials must validate participating bulls and certify their fitness.
- Veterinarians must conduct mandatory health examinations before the event begins.
- Authorities prohibit irritants and any actions that could harm or distress the bulls.
- Organizers must implement stringent safety measures to protect both participants and spectators.
The Historic Jallikattu Protests of 2017
In 2014, the Supreme Court of India banned Jallikattu, citing concerns about animal welfare and cruelty. Animal rights groups supported the decision, emphasizing the need to protect bulls from harm. However, many people in Tamil Nadu strongly opposed the ban, as they viewed Jallikattu as a vital symbol of Tamil culture and heritage.
The movement reached its peak in January 2017 when thousands of students and young people gathered peacefully at Marina Beach in Chennai and across the state. They asserted that Jallikattu represented centuries-old rural tradition and Tamil pride. As public support intensified, the Tamil Nadu government responded by passing an ordinance that allowed Jallikattu to resume under strict regulatory conditions.
Ultimately, the 2017 protests highlighted the delicate balance between cultural preservation, animal welfare, and regional identity. As a result, the movement became one of the most significant cultural expressions in modern Tamil Nadu history.
Epilogue:
Jallikattu remains a centuries-old tradition with immense cultural significance in Tamil Nadu. Nevertheless, it continues to stand at the intersection of tradition and modern ethical concerns. While the 2017 regulations attempt to strike a balance between heritage and animal welfare, the broader debate persists. Therefore, the future of Jallikattu will depend on continuous dialogue and responsible implementation of safety measures, ensuring that cultural heritage coexists with humane treatment and public safety.
Exploring Jallikattu – FAQ
What is Jallikattu?
Jallikattu is a traditional bull-taming sport practiced in Tamil Nadu, especially during the Pongal festival. Participants attempt to hold onto a bull’s hump and tame it without harming the animal.
When is Jallikattu conducted?
Jallikattu is usually held in January during the Pongal harvest festival, particularly on Mattu Pongal, the third day of celebrations.
Where is Jallikattu most popular?
Jallikattu is widely celebrated in districts such as Madurai, Tiruchirappalli, Pudukottai, Dindigul, and Sivaganga, with Alanganallur being one of the most famous venues.
Is Jallikattu legal in India?
Yes, Jallikattu is legally permitted under regulated conditions as per Supreme Court guidelines, ensuring animal welfare and participant safety.
What is the cultural significance of Jallikattu?
Jallikattu is considered a symbol of Tamil heritage and valor. It reflects rural traditions, community pride, and the importance of native cattle breeds.
New Year Festival is celebrated on January 1st every year to mark the beginning of a new year. People initially observed this day according to the Julian calendar, and today the world follows the Gregorian calendar. Every new year brings fresh opportunities to learn from the past and look forward to future possibilities. People celebrate New Year’s Day as a national holiday across many countries. It represents a fresh start and encourages positive changes in life. Different cultures celebrate New Year in their own unique styles. In India, people celebrate New Year as one of the most popular and festive occasions of the year.
Origin & History of New Year Festival:
Though historians do not know the exact origin date, ancient Babylonians began celebrating the new year thousands of years ago. During those times, people determined the first day of the year based on the cycles of the sun and moon.
According to the early Roman calendar, Romans marked March 1st as the first day of the year, and their calendar included ten months from March to December. Later, in ancient Rome, leaders introduced the Julian calendar and dedicated January 1st to Janus, the god of gateways and beginnings.
During the Middle Ages, authorities corrected errors in the Julian calendar, particularly the leap year miscalculation, and removed ten days to fix the timeline. Pope Gregory XIII later introduced the Gregorian calendar and officially reinstated January 1st as New Year’s Day. Over time, many countries gradually adopted the reformed Gregorian calendar.
New Year Celebrations in India:
New Year marks a time for fresh beginnings and joyful celebrations. India, known for its cultural diversity, celebrates the day in different ways across regions. Since it is a restricted holiday, government offices and most businesses usually remain open.
People celebrate the day with family and friends. Many individuals make resolutions to improve themselves in the coming year. Live concerts, parties, singing, and dancing create a festive atmosphere. Nightclubs, movie theatres, restaurants, resorts, and amusement parks attract large crowds during the celebration.
People exchange wishes, greeting cards, and gifts to express love and goodwill. Fireworks and festive gatherings add excitement and make the occasion even more memorable.
New Year Shopping:
To maintain the festive spirit, people prepare in advance for New Year celebrations. Markets and shopping malls become crowded as shoppers purchase decorations, outfits, and gifts. Many people begin preparing at least a week earlier to avoid last-minute rush. Shopping centers stock up extensively to meet customer demand. New Year shopping becomes an essential part of the celebration, as people eagerly buy decorations and gifts to welcome the new year.
New Year’s Day Traditions:
People welcome the new year in various ways. While traditions differ across cultures, many common practices unite celebrations worldwide:
- Most countries begin festivities on New Year’s Eve, December 31st.
- People count down to midnight and make resolutions to set goals for personal growth.
- Families and friends gather for music, feasting, and joyful celebrations.
- Many people clean their homes and offer prayers at temples or in their houses.
- As the clock strikes midnight, people exchange New Year wishes.
- Families cut cakes and light fireworks to mark the transition into the new year.
- Many individuals attend parties and grand celebrations.
- Some prefer a peaceful evening at home watching movies or reading books.
- Exchanging gifts and greetings strengthens bonds among friends and family.
- People also use the day for reflection, letting go of regrets and setting new intentions.
- Modern traditions include media reviews of the past year and predictions for the upcoming year.
Epilogue:
New Year’s Day symbolizes hope, renewal, and celebration. People view this joyful occasion as an opportunity to bid farewell to the past year and welcome the coming year with optimism, positivity, and fresh aspirations.
Celebrating the New Year Festival – FAQ
When is New Year celebrated around the world?
New Year is widely celebrated on January 1 according to the Gregorian calendar. However, many cultures observe their traditional New Year on different dates, such as Chinese New Year and Tamil New Year.
Why do people celebrate New Year?
People celebrate New Year to mark the beginning of a new calendar year, reflect on the past, set resolutions, and welcome fresh opportunities with joy and hope.
What are common New Year traditions worldwide?
Common traditions include countdowns, fireworks displays, exchanging greetings, attending parties, making resolutions, and participating in religious or cultural rituals.
What is the significance of New Year resolutions?
New Year resolutions symbolize personal growth and self-improvement. Many individuals set goals related to health, career, relationships, or financial success.
How do different countries celebrate New Year differently?
Celebrations vary globally. For example, fireworks light up Sydney Harbour, the Times Square ball drops in New York, and many Asian countries celebrate with family feasts and traditional customs.
The Ashta Lingams Temple stands around the sacred Arunachala Hill in Thiruvannamalai. Eight temples surround the hill along its octagonal perimeter and align with the four cardinal and four intercardinal directions. Legends state that each direction represents essential aspects and qualities of human life, which makes the Ashta Lingams spiritually significant.
The Eight Temples Around Arunachala Hill
Eight Lingam temples encircle Arunachala Hill, with each temple occupying one of the eight directions. Together, these shrines form the sacred Ashta Lingams circuit. Moopanar Swamy actively contributed to the renovation and restoration of these temples and preserved their religious and historical value.
Temples Located at the Cardinal Points
- North – Kubera Lingam Temple
- East – Indra Lingam Temple
- West – Varuna Lingam Temple
- South – Yama Lingam Temple
Temples Located at the Intercardinal Points
- North West – Vayu Lingam Temple
- North East – Esanya Lingam Temple
- South West – Niruthi Lingam Temple
- South East – Agni Lingam Temple
Each Lingam connects with a specific Navagraha, the nine planetary deities. Devotees believe that worshipping a particular Lingam grants blessings associated with the respective Navagraha. The following sections describe each Ashta Lingam in detail.
Kubera Lingam (North)
- The Kubera Lingam Temple honors Lord Kubera, the God of Wealth, and stands on the northern side.
- The temple lies along the Girivalam path that circles Arunachala Hill.
- Kubera Lingam associates with the Navagraha deity Lord Brihaspati (Guru or Jupiter).
- Devotees worship this Lingam to gain peace of mind and financial growth.
Indra Lingam (East)
- The Indra Lingam Temple honors Lord Indra, the God of Heaven, and stands on the eastern side.
- The temple stands on Car Street near the eastern tower of Arunachaleswarar Temple.
- Indra Lingam associates with the Navagraha deities Lord Surya (Sun) and Lord Shukra (Venus).
- Devotees worship this Lingam to gain long life and prosperity.
Varuna Lingam (West)
- The Varuna Lingam Temple honors Lord Varuna, the God of Water and Rain, and stands on the western side.
- The temple lies on the outer Girivalam path, about one kilometer before Adi Annamalai village.
- Varuna Lingam associates with the Navagraha deity Lord Shani (Saturn).
- Devotees worship this Lingam to recover from illness and remove sins.
Yama Lingam (South)
- The Yama Lingam Temple honors Lord Yama, the God of Death, and stands on the southern side.
- The temple stands beside the cremation ground on Chengam Road.
- Yama Lingam associates with the Navagraha deity Lord Mangal (Mars).
- Devotees worship this Lingam to gain long life and overcome financial difficulties.
Vayu Lingam (North West)
- The Vayu Lingam Temple honors Lord Vayu, the God of Wind, and stands on the north-western side.
- The temple lies along the Girivalam path, about one kilometer before Adi Annamalai.
- Vayu Lingam associates with the Navagraha deity Lord Kethu.
- Devotees worship this Lingam to find relief from health problems.
Esanya Lingam (North East)
- The Esanya Lingam Temple honors Lord Esanya, a Rudra form of Lord Shiva, and stands on the north-eastern side.
- The temple lies on the old Girivalam path beside the cremation grounds.
- Esanya Lingam associates with the Navagraha deity Lord Budha (Mercury).
- Devotees worship this Lingam to attain peace of mind.
Niruthi Lingam (South West)
- The Niruthi Lingam Temple honors Lord Niruthi, the Lord of Asuras, and stands on the south-western side.
- The temple lies on the Girivalam path near the Shantimalai compound.
- Niruthi Lingam associates with the Navagraha deity Lord Rahu.
- Devotees worship this Lingam to gain health, wealth, and fame.
Agni Lingam (South East)
- The Agni Lingam Temple honors Lord Agni, the God of Fire and Knowledge, and stands on the south-eastern side.
- The temple stands on the right side of the Girivalam path near Seshadri Ashram on Chengam Road.
- Agni Lingam associates with the Navagraha deity Lord Chandra (Moon).
- Devotees worship this Lingam to gain long life and good health.
Ashta Lingams Temple – Tiruvannamalai – FAQ
What are the Ashta Lingams in Tiruvannamalai?
The Ashta Lingams are eight sacred Shiva lingams located around Arunachala Hill in Tiruvannamalai. Each lingam represents one of the eight cardinal and inter-cardinal directions.
Why are the Ashta Lingams important?
Devotees believe that worshipping all eight lingams during Girivalam brings spiritual benefits, removes obstacles, and grants prosperity and peace.
Where are the Ashta Lingams situated?
The eight lingams are located along the 14-kilometre Girivalam path around Arunachaleswarar Temple in Tiruvannamalai.
What are the names of the Ashta Lingams?
The eight lingams are Indra Lingam, Agni Lingam, Yama Lingam, Niruthi Lingam, Varuna Lingam, Vayu Lingam, Kubera Lingam, and Eesanya Lingam.
When is the best time to visit the Ashta Lingams?
The best time to perform Girivalam and visit the Ashta Lingams is during full moon (Pournami) days and the Karthigai Deepam festival.
Tourist Attractions near Thiruvannamalai
Sathanur Dam, one of the major dams in Tamil Nadu, is located around 30 kilometers from Thiruvannamalai. The dam is constructed across the Pennaiyar or Thenpennai River in Thandrampet Taluk of Tiruvannamalai District.
Image Attribute : Jeganila
More about the Sathanur Dam
- The dam was constructed in the year 1958.
- The dam is 119 feet high, and the water is used primarily for irrigation purposes.
- There is a fish grotto and a crocodile farm near the dam.
- Botanical garden, Children’s Park, mini zoo, flower park and swimming pool add to the attraction of the place.
- The dam and its picturesque surroundings offer a visual treat to the tourists.
How to reach Sathanur dam
Sathanur dam is well connected on the road from Thiruvannamalai. The nearest railways station is at Thiruvannamalai (around 39 kilometres away) and nearest airport is at Chennai (around 203 kilometers away).
Tourist Attractions near Thiruvannamalai
Beemanmadavu Waterfalls, also known as Bheema Falls, rank among the most prominent waterfalls in the Javadu Hills. Located about 5 km from Jamanamaruthur village and nearly 80 km from Thiruvannamalai, these falls attract nature lovers and adventure seekers alike. Because of their scenic surroundings and seasonal flow, the waterfalls remain a popular destination throughout the year.
Mythological Significance
According to mythology, Beemanmadavu derives its name from Bhima, one of the Pandava brothers from the epic Mahabharata. Legend states that Bhima worshipped the Sun God at this very spot. Moreover, it is believed that the Pandava brothers visited this region during their exile, adding spiritual importance to the waterfalls.
Waterfall Features & Trekking Experience
The altitude of Beemanmadavu Waterfalls ranges between 300 and 1,000 meters. Notably, water flows here for more than eight months a year, reaching its peak during the monsoon season. To reach the falls, visitors must trek approximately 12 km through thin forest trails. As a result, the route offers excellent opportunities for trekking, hiking, and photography. Additionally, tourists can enjoy a refreshing bath in the natural pool below the cascade.
How to Reach
Beemanmadavu Falls lies about 80 km from Tiruvannamalai and 218 km from Chennai. The nearest railway stations are Tiruvannamalai, Katpadi, and Villupuram, while Chennai Airport is the closest airport.
Tourist Attractions near Thiruvannamalai
The Javadu Hills spread across parts of Vellore and Thiruvannamalai districts in the northern part of Tamil Nadu. The Javadu Hills is a total of about 3600 to 3800 feet above sea level. The hills exhibit a purple colour due to the colour of the bluish-grey granite. The hills are sparsely populated with some spectacular views to offer.
Why should you visit Javadu Hills?
- It is a far less crowded place when compared to other hill stations in Tamil Nadu.
- The dense forests cover a wide variety of flora and fauna that include some rare and endangered ones. It’s a perfect place for wildlife lovers and photographers to explore.
- Tranquil villages, silent streams, water bodies and perceptible trails are some of the striking features of Javadu Hills.
- Venture into the distinct landscape of Javadu Hills by travelling through the river, jungle and finally the rocky cliffs.
- Trekking through the rocky cliffs, enjoying a bath in the falls and climbing up the rocks affirms a wholesome experience for nature lovers.
- The region is home to numerous indigenous tribes that are involved in growing plantations that include gooseberry, coconut, jackfruit, tamarind, guava and mango. We can also find beautiful farm fields enroute.
- Be it the tranquility of the forest or the innate sounds of nature, Javadu Hills in the Eastern Ghats is a trail worth exploring.
How to reach Javadu Hills
Javadu Hills is located about 75 kilometres from Thiruvannamalai and about 208 kilometres from Chennai. The nearest railway stations are at Katpadi (around 78 kilometres away) and Villupuram (around 145 kilometres away). The nearest airport is at Chennai (around 198 kilometres away).
Tourist Attractions near Thiruvannamalai
Virupaksha cave is one of the ancient caves in India with its history dating back to the 13th century. The cave is located on the eastern slopes of the Arunachala Hill. The history of the cave dates back to the time when it was the abode of Sage Virupaksha Deva. It later gained importance after Sri Ramana Maharshi stayed in the cave for 16 years.
History of Virupaksha Cave
The cave derives its name from Virupaksha Deva, who was a renowned 13th century saint. It is believed that Saint Virupaksha spent most of his life in this cave and its surroundings. It is also said that his body turned into ashes just after his Samadhi (a state of complete oneness). The holy ash is supposed to be preserved here on the altar.
Sri Ramana Maharshi & the Cave
Sri Ramana Maharshi spent 16 years in the cave from 1899 to 1916. Many significant events took place in his place during his stay in the cave. While at Virupaksha, Sri Ramana Maharshi also wrote in prose a Tamil translation of Vivekachudamani, a sacred scripture composed by Adi Sankara. He also wrote ‘Self-inquiry’ and ‘Who am I’ while residing in the cave.
More about the Virupaksha cave
Virupaksha cave is protected by constructed premises that also allow its visitors to have a peaceful time and a spiritual experience. Many devotees come here to meditate and feel the spiritual vibrations within. The Ashram is open at 8:00 AM. The cave is a year round destination and one of the popular places for Sri Ramana Maharshi devotees. It gets really hot during the day and hence it is advisable to climb up to the cave before daybreak. It is also advisable for tourists to wear trekking shoes. From the cave surroundings, one can enjoy a breathtaking view of the Thiruvannamalai Temple.
How to reach Virupaksha cave
The cave can be reached through two routes. One is through Ramana Ashram and the other is by walk from Thiruvannamalai Temple. The area also has some trekking routes. Thiruvannamalai town is well connected to major cities in Tamil Nadu through roadways. Thiruvannamalai Railway Station is connected to cities including Chennai, Madurai, Pondicherry, Vellore and Tirupati. Chennai International Airport is the nearest airport to Thiruvannamalai (around 155 kilometres away).
Tourist Attractions near Thiruvannamalai
Thirugokarnam, popularly known as the Kokarneswarar Temple, is located in the heart of Pudukkottai city in Tamil Nadu. The presiding deity of the temple is Lord Shiva, worshipped here as Gokarneeswarar, while Goddess Parvathi is revered as Bragadambal. This ancient rock-cut temple dates back to the 7th century AD and stands as one of the oldest surviving temples in South India. Pallava king Mahendravarma built the original structure, and later, the Pandyas, Cholas, and Thondaman dynasty rulers contributed to its expansion and preservation over different periods.
Legend Behind the Kokarneswarar Temple
The name Gokarneswarar means “Lord of the cow’s ear.” According to temple legend, Kamadhenu, the sacred divine cow, once incurred the wrath of Lord Indra and received a curse. Seeking redemption, she began worshipping Lord Shiva at this sacred site. Kamadhenu performed abhishekam to Lord Shiva using holy water from the River Ganges, which she carried in her ears. One day, while returning with Ganga water, a fierce tiger confronted her and intended to kill her. However, Kamadhenu pleaded for mercy and promised to return after completing the abhishekam.
True to her word, Kamadhenu returned to the spot after performing the ritual. At that moment, the tiger transformed into Lord Shiva accompanied by Goddess Parvathi. Pleased with her devotion and sincerity, they blessed Kamadhenu, granting her salvation. After receiving their divine grace, she returned to heaven.
More Facts about the Kokarneswarar Temple
- The sanctum sanctorum of the temple is rock cut which hosts the chief deity of the temple Lord Gokarneeswarar in Lingam form.
- Another main deity of the temple is Lord Vakulaveneswarar or the Lord of Vakula tree.
- The Goddess Bragathambal shrine is east facing and is relatively a recent one.
- Just before entering Lord Gokarneswarar’s shrine, to the left is the images of the Saptha Kannigal (the seven virgins in the world).
- The entrance of the temple has Lord Ganesha as is customary for every Hindu temple, after which follows a long corridor that is decked with carved pillars and sculptures.
- The pradakshina veranda (circumambulation path) has idols of 63 Nayanmars and shrines of Maha Gnapathi, Rishaba Rudra and Kasi Lingam.
- The temple has an upper tier that houses shrines of Lord Subramanya, Goddess Durga, Lakshmi, Saraswathi, Annapurani, Rudraksha Lingam, Brahma, Bhairava, Surya and Nalvars (Gnanasambandar, Thirunavukkarasar, Sundarar and Manickavasagar).
Thirugokarnam Temple Timings
The temple is open for devotees from 6:00 AM to 11:00 PM in the morning
and from 4:00 PM to 8:00 PM in the evening.
Thirugokarnam Temple Festivals
The major festivals observed in the temple include-
- Thai Poosam – in the Tamil month of Thai (January-February)
- 10 day Chithirai Festival – in the Tamil month of Chithirai (April-May)
- 11 day Aadi Pooram Festival – in the Tamil month of Aadi (July-August)
- Vinayakar Chaturthi – in the Tamil month of Aavani (August-September)
- 10 day Navarathri Festival – in the Tamil month of Purattasi
(September-October) - Skanda Shasti Festival- in the Tamil month of Aippasi
(October-November) - Karthigai Deepam Festival – in the Tamil month of Karthigai
(November-December)
How to reach Thirugokarnam Temple
The temple is located at the heart of Pudukkottai town that is well connected by road to major cities in Tamil Nadu. The nearest railway station is at Pudukottai (3 kilometres away). The nearest airport is at Trichy (around 45 kilometres away).
Thirugokarnam Temple – Pudukkottai – FAQ
Where is Thirugokarnam Temple located?
Thirugokarnam Temple is located about 5 kilometres from Pudukkottai town in Tamil Nadu. The temple is situated at the foot of a small hill and is easily accessible from the city.
Which deity is worshipped at Thirugokarnam Temple?
The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva, worshipped as Gokarneswarar, along with Goddess Brhadambal (Brahadambal).
What is the historical significance of Thirugokarnam Temple?
The temple dates back to the early Pandya period and features rock-cut architecture with ancient inscriptions and sculptures reflecting medieval Tamil heritage.
Is there a museum near Thirugokarnam Temple?
Yes, the Government Museum of Pudukkottai is located nearby, making the area an important cultural and heritage spot.
What are the temple timings?
The temple is generally open in the morning and evening for darshan. Timings may vary during festivals and special pooja days.
Tourist Attractions near Pudukottai
Sri Ramanasramam served as the spiritual home of Sri Ramana Maharshi, a revered master of Advaita Vedanta, a prominent school of Hindu philosophy. He lived at the ashram from 1922 until his Mahanirvana in 1950. The ashram is situated at the foothills of Arunachala in the Thiruvannamalai District, creating a serene setting for meditation and self-inquiry.
Image Attribution : Vyacheslav Argenberg
The Ramanasramam
- The ashram features a spacious courtyard shaded by large trees. On the left side, two towers built in traditional Dravidian architectural style stand prominently. One tower leads to the Matrubhuteswara Shrine, while the other rises above the New Hall.
- The New Hall served Sri Ramana Maharshi during the final months of his life. It houses a life-sized statue of the Maharshi along with the couch he used. Authorities built this hall to accommodate the growing number of devotees. The New Hall remains open daily from 5:00 AM to 12:30 PM and from 2:00 PM to 9:00 PM.
- Through the northern wall of the temple, visitors reach the Samadhi Hall. This hall consists of a raised mandapam crowned by a tower, with a Shiva Linga installed at its center. A spacious marble-floored meditation hall surrounds the mandapam. The Samadhi Hall is open every day from 5:00 AM to 12:30 PM and from 2:00 PM to 9:00 PM.
- A doorway on the north side of the Samadhi Hall leads to the Old Hall. Sri Ramana Maharshi spent most of his daily life here until about a year before his passing. The Old Hall remains open from 4:00 AM to 12:30 PM and from 2:00 PM to 9:00 PM.
- Further north of the Old Hall lies a wide open space with shady trees and a flower garden. To the east, a large dining kitchen block serves residents and visitors, while a dispensary stands on the west. A pathway from this area leads devotees toward Skandasramam on Arunachala Hill.
- To the east of the New Hall, visitors can find the small Nirvana Room, where Sri Ramana Maharshi spent his final days.
- The ashram provides guest rooms both within and outside its premises for devotees and visitors.
- A dispensary inside the ashram offers free medical care to ashram residents as well as local people.
- The Sri Ramana Library preserves the Maharshi’s literary works, photographs, souvenirs, audio recordings, and videos. In addition, the library holds a vast collection of spiritual books in multiple languages.
How to reach Ramanasramam
The town of Tiruvannamalai is connected to various cities in Tamil Nadu through roadways. It is located on the Villupuram-Katpadi branch line. The Ashram is at a distance of 3 kilometres from Tiruvannamalai Railway Station. The nearest airport is at Chennai (around 175 kilometres away).
Tourist Attractions near Thiruvannamalai
Located at the foothills of the sacred Arunachala Hills (2,668 feet high) in Thiruvannamalai, the Arunachaleswarar Temple—also known as Annamalaiyar Temple—stands as one of the most revered Shaivite temples in India. Dedicated to Lord Shiva, the temple holds immense spiritual importance in Saivism. Moreover, it is one of the five Pancha Bhootha Sthalangal, where Lord Shiva manifests as the Agni Lingam, symbolizing the element of fire. Goddess Parvati is worshipped here as Unnamalai Amman. At present, the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department of the Government of Tamil Nadu maintains and administers the temple.
History of Arunachaleswarar Temple
The history of Arunachaleswarar Temple unfolds across several ruling dynasties, each contributing to its growth and grandeur.
- Initially, the Chola kings constructed the temple during the 9th century CE.
- Later, the Vijayanagara rulers expanded the temple, as evidenced by numerous inscriptions.
- Over time, the temple passed through both Hindu and Muslim stewardship.
- In 1757, the French briefly controlled Tiruvannamalai before the British occupied it in 1760.
- Subsequently, Tipu Sultan captured the town in 1790 CE.
- During the early 19th century, the British assumed complete control of the region.
- Finally, from 1951 onwards, the temple has remained under HR&CE administration.
Legend of Arunachaleswarar Temple
According to Hindu mythology, Lord Vishnu and Lord Brahma once debated supremacy, neglecting their cosmic duties. To dissolve their ego, Lord Shiva appeared as an infinite pillar of fire. He declared that whoever found its beginning or end would be supreme.
While Lord Vishnu assumed the form of Varaha and searched downward, Lord Brahma took the form of a swan (Annam) and flew upward. However, both failed. Eventually, realizing their limitations, they surrendered their pride. Consequently, Lord Shiva revealed his true form. This divine event is celebrated annually as Karthigai Deepam.
References in Sacred Literature
Significantly, the temple finds mention in the 7th-century Tamil Shaivite canonical work Tevaram, composed by the Nayanmars. Hence, the shrine holds the honored status of a Paadal Petra Sthalam. Furthermore, Saint Manikkavasagar composed his celebrated work Tiruvemparai at this sacred site.
Temple Structure and Shrines
Spanning nearly 10 hectares, Arunachaleswarar Temple ranks among the largest temple complexes in India. Notably, the temple features four majestic gopurams. Among them, the eastern gopuram stands tallest, rising to 217 feet with 11 tiers. In addition, the temple houses several mandapams, including the famed thousand-pillared hall. Numerous shrines dedicated to various deities further enhance the spiritual ambiance of the complex.
Arunachaleswarar Temple Timings
The temple remains open daily from 5:30 AM to 12:30 PM and again from 3:30 PM to 9:30 PM.
Arunachaleswarar Temple Pooja Timings
| Name of the Pooja | Timing |
|---|---|
| Ushakala | 5:30 AM |
| Kalasandhi | 8:00 AM |
| Uchikalam | 11:30 AM |
| Saayaratchai | 5:30 PM |
| Irandam Kalam | 7:30 PM |
| Artha Jama Pooja | 9:00 PM |
Festivals Celebrated at Arunachaleswarar Temple
Throughout the year, the temple hosts several grand festivals that attract devotees from across the country.
- Chitirai Utsavam – April to May (10 days)
- Ani Brahmotsavam – June to July (10 days)
- Adi Pooram Brahmotsavam – July to August (10 days)
- Kanda Shashti – October to November (6 days)
- Karthigai Deepam Brahmotsavam – November to December (17 days)
- Uthrayana Punyakala – January to February (10 days)
- Panguni Uthiram Thirukalyanam – March to April (6 days)
Tiruvannamalai Karthigai Deepam
Karthigai Deepam, celebrated during November–December, marks the divine manifestation of Lord Shiva as fire. On this auspicious day, devotees light the massive Mahadeepam atop Arunachala Hill. Remarkably, the flame remains visible from several kilometers away, drawing thousands of pilgrims to Tiruvannamalai.
Girivalam (Arunachala Pradakshina)
Girivalam, the sacred circumambulation of Arunachala Hill, spans 14 kilometers. The name Arunachalam signifies the fiery red hill, symbolizing Shiva as Agni.
Devotees perform Girivalam barefoot throughout the year, especially on full moon days. By doing so, believers seek spiritual merit and fulfillment of wishes. Along the path, devotees worship eight sacred lingams known as Ashta Lingams, each associated with lunar constellations.
How to Reach Arunachaleswarar Temple
Tiruvannamalai enjoys excellent connectivity by road. Regular buses operate from major towns across Tamil Nadu. Additionally, both the Tiruvannamalai Bus Stand and Railway Station lie just 2 kilometers from the temple. For air travelers, Chennai Airport serves as the nearest airport, located approximately 185 kilometers away.
Epilogue
As one of India’s most magnificent temple complexes, Arunachaleswarar Temple captivates devotees with its spiritual aura and architectural splendor. Ultimately, the sacred hill, grand gopurams, and ornate halls offer not just religious fulfillment but also an enduring sense of peace and inner tranquility.
Arunachaleswarar Temple – Tiruvannamalai – FAQ
Where is Arunachaleswarar Temple located?
Arunachaleswarar Temple is located in Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, at the base of the sacred Arunachala Hill. It is one of the largest Shiva temples in India.
Why is Arunachaleswarar Temple famous?
The temple is famous as one of the Pancha Bhoota Sthalams, representing the fire element (Agni). It is also renowned for the grand Karthigai Deepam festival.
What is Girivalam in Tiruvannamalai?
Girivalam is the sacred 14-kilometre circumambulation of Arunachala Hill performed by devotees, especially on full moon (Pournami) days.
Who built Arunachaleswarar Temple?
The temple was expanded by the Chola, Pandya, and Vijayanagara kings over centuries, showcasing magnificent Dravidian architecture and towering gopurams.
What are the temple timings?
The temple is generally open from early morning to night, with multiple poojas conducted throughout the day. Timings may vary during festivals.