Tamil Puthandu, known as Puthuvarusham or Tamil New Year, signifies the commencement of the Tamil New Year. Observed in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and by Tamil communities globally, this celebration traditionally falls on either April 14th or 15th, aligning with the inception of the Tamil month of Chithirai.
Customs and traditions:
Kani: On the morning of Tamil Puthandu, people traditionally wake up early and view the “Kani,” which is an arrangement of auspicious items like gold or silver jewelry, fruits, vegetables, betel leaves, flowers, and a mirror. The belief is that setting eyes on these items first thing in the morning will bring good luck and prosperity for the year ahead.
Mango: The Mango, often referred to as the “king of fruits”, is a symbol of abundance and fertility. It plays a central role in Tamil Puthandu celebrations. People prepare a special dish called “Mango Pachadi,” which is a mix of various flavors, representing the different aspects of life – sweet, sour, bitter, and tangy.
Traditional Dress: During this festive time, individuals don new garments, often opting for vibrant colors. They visit temples to offer their prayers and seek blessings for a prosperous year ahead.
Festive Feasting: Sumptuous feasts play a central role in Tamil Puthandu festivities. Families gather to savor a lavish assortment of traditional Tamil dishes, which may feature delicacies such as rice, sambar, rasam, poriyal, payasam, in addition to the emblematic Mango Pachadi.
Cultural Events: Cultural programs, including music and dance performances, are organized in many places to celebrate Tamil Puthandu. Traditional art forms, like Bharatanatyam and Carnatic music, are often showcased.
Decorations: Homes are adorned with colorful Kolam (rangoli) designs at the entrance, and mango leaves are hung over doorways, signifying a welcoming and auspicious atmosphere.
Community Celebrations: In addition to family gatherings, Tamil Puthandu is celebrated in a communal spirit. Social and cultural organizations often organize events to mark the occasion.
Predictions for the Year: Some people consult astrologers or read panchangams (almanacs) on Tamil Puthandu to gain insights into their future and to understand the astrological aspects of the year ahead.
Global Celebrations:
Tamil Puthandu is celebrated with great enthusiasm by Tamil communities across the world. In countries with a significant Tamil diaspora, like Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Singapore, and Canada, cultural events and community gatherings are organized to celebrate the occasion.
Epilogue :
Tamil Puthandu is not only a time for rejoicing and new beginnings but also a time to cherish the rich cultural heritage of the Tamil community. It embodies the spirit of renewal, hope, and the unity of Tamil people, both in India and across the world.
The Velliangiri Hills, often referred to as the Western Ghats or the “Seven Hills,” is a picturesque mountain range located in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. These hills are known for their natural beauty, lush greenery, and spiritual significance, making them a popular destination for nature enthusiasts, trekkers, and those on a spiritual quest.
Trekking Routes and Distance:
There are several trekking routes in the Velliangiri Hills, each varying in terms of difficulty and duration. The most well-known trek is to the Velliangiri Andavar Temple, which is dedicated to Lord Shiva. The temple is located at an elevation of approximately 1,110 meters above sea level. The trek can be categorized into different sections:
Isha Yoga Center to Poondi Temple: The trek usually starts at the Isha Yoga Center, which is located at the foothills. From there, trekkers head to the Poondi Temple, covering a distance of about 3 kilometers.
Poondi Temple to Velliangiri Andavar Temple: The second leg of the trek is from the Poondi Temple to the Velliangiri Andavar Temple. This is a more challenging section, covering around 8 kilometers. Trekkers pass through dense forests, rocky terrain, and steep inclines.
Velliangiri Andavar Temple to Siva Temple: After visiting the Velliangiri Andavar Temple, some trekkers opt to continue to the Siva Temple, which is situated at a higher altitude. This extended trek offers stunning panoramic views of the surrounding landscape.
Duration to reach Velliangiri Hills:
The duration of the trek depends on the route and the trekker’s pace. The complete trek from the Isha Yoga Center to the Velliangiri Andavar Temple and back can take anywhere from 7 to 10 hours, including rest stops and time spent at the temples.
Difficulty level to climb Velliangiri Hills :
Trekking in the Velliangiri Hills presents a moderately challenging adventure, especially when ascending towards the Velliangiri Andavar Temple. The terrain often features steep and uneven paths, and trekkers must be ready to face changing weather conditions, which may include rain. It is strongly recommended that trekkers are in good physical shape and equipped with appropriate trekking gear for a safe and enjoyable experience.
Scenic Grandeur of Velliangiri:
The Velliangiri Hills are renowned for their majestic natural beauty. The trek provides awe-inspiring vistas of dense forests, distinctive rock formations, and the serene ambiance of the Western Ghats. Many trekkers discover solace amidst this pristine landscape, embracing the hills’ tranquil serenity.
Spiritual Significance:
The Velliangiri Hills hold a special place in the hearts of many, transcending their role as a mere trekking destination. The Velliangiri Andavar Temple serves as a revered pilgrimage site, drawing devout visitors seeking the blessings of Lord Shiva. The spiritual aura that envelops the hills bestows an added dimension of meaning to the trek.
Velliangiri Hills Guided Treks:
It’s advisable for first-time trekkers to consider guided treks. Many local organizations and tour operators offer guided treks with experienced guides who are familiar with the terrain, making the trek safer and more informative.
Velliangiri Hills Trekking Visiting Hours:
The Velliangiri Hills in Tamil Nadu, India, do not have a specific opening or closing time since they are a natural destination and not a facility or attraction with fixed operating hours. However, trekking and visiting the Velliangiri Hills are typically allowed throughout the year, but it’s essential to consider the weather conditions, especially during the monsoon season when heavy rains can make trekking difficult or unsafe.
Additionally, some treks may require permission or coordination with local authorities or organizations like the Isha Yoga Center if you plan to start your trek from there. It’s advisable to check with local authorities or the Isha Yoga Center for the most up-to-date information regarding access to the Velliangiri Hills before planning your trip.
Epilogue:
Trekking in the Velliangiri Hills is an adventure that combines natural beauty, physical activity, and spiritual significance. It provides trekkers with an opportunity to connect with nature, find inner peace, and appreciate the stunning landscapes of the Western Ghats.
Silambam, an ancient Indian martial art, has a rich history that dates back several centuries. Rooted in the southern state of Tamil Nadu, Silambam is a traditional martial art form that focuses on the use of sticks as weapons and is also known for its elaborate and rhythmic movements. This unique art form has not only preserved its historical significance but continues to be practiced and appreciated by enthusiasts and martial artists around the world.
Origins and History:
The origins of Silambam can be traced back to the southern regions of India, particularly Tamil Nadu and Kerala. It is believed to have been practiced for over 2,000 years and is closely associated with the ancient Sangam period of Tamil history, which existed between 300 BC and 300 AD.
The name “Silambam” itself is derived from the Tamil word “Silam,” which means “hill” or “mountain,” and “Ambu,” which means “arrow.” This name is a reflection of the art’s historical significance, where sticks were used both as weapons and as tools for hunting in hilly terrains.
Silambam Techniques:
Silambam is distinct for its intricate techniques and forms, which involve the use of sticks in various ways. The primary weapon in Silambam is the “Silambam staff,” a long stick made from various materials, often chosen for their flexibility, durability, and weight. The length of the staff typically varies from practitioner to practitioner, with a general rule being that it should measure from the ground to the practitioner’s armpit.
Key weapons in Silambam:
Silambam incorporates a variety of weapons and equipment, each serving a specific purpose in the practice and training of this art. Here are some of the key weapons and equipment used in Silambam:
Silambam Staff (Silambattam): The primary weapon in Silambam is the staff, also known as the “Silambam stick” or “Silambattam.” It is a long cylindrical stick made from materials like bamboo, rattan, or other hardwoods. The length of the staff can vary based on the practitioner’s height and preference but typically ranges from the ground to the practitioner’s armpit.
Yerikkaiparam: This is a short stick or baton, often made from wood, that is used as a secondary weapon in Silambam. It is typically held in the off-hand to assist in defense or as a secondary striking weapon.
Kodi Kambu (Flagpole): A pole topped with a flag or decorative finial. It can be used as a training tool to develop wrist and arm strength and control in striking and spinning techniques.
Maan Kombu (Deer Horn Knives): These are two curved knives shaped like a deer’s horns. While not as commonly used as the staff, they are occasionally integrated into Silambam for advanced practitioners, primarily for dual-wielding techniques.
Maru Kombu (Metal Rods): Maru Kombu are short metal rods used for striking and self-defense. They are not traditionally part of Silambam but can be incorporated into some modern variations of the art.
Karambit: A small, curved blade with a handle, often used in Filipino martial arts. It is sometimes incorporated into Silambam techniques.
Sword and Shield: Although not typical Silambam weapons, some practitioners combine Silambam techniques with sword and shield techniques, demonstrating versatility and adaptability.
Bullwhip: In some modern interpretations, the bullwhip is used for its precision and dexterity in striking and control.
Philosophy and Training
Silambam is not just about physical combat; it also emphasizes discipline, focus, and self-control. Practitioners often adhere to a code of ethics that promotes respect for one’s opponent and the art itself. Training in Silambam is rigorous and demanding, involving a combination of physical conditioning, techniques, and weapon handling. Additionally, meditation and breath control are also important aspects of Silambam training.
Benefits of Silambam:
Strength and Endurance: Silambam training involves rigorous movements and exercises that help develop muscular strength and endurance, particularly in the upper body.
Flexibility: Practicing Silambam requires a wide range of motion, which helps improve flexibility and agility.
Cardiovascular Health: The fast-paced, rhythmic nature of Silambam training provides an excellent cardiovascular workout, helping to improve heart health and stamina.
Balance and Coordination: The art’s intricate movements and techniques improve balance, coordination, and body control.
Weight Management: Regular practice of Silambam can help with weight management and overall fitness.
Silambam Today:
In recent years, Silambam has gained recognition beyond its traditional roots. It has found its way into the global martial arts community, with practitioners and enthusiasts from different countries showing interest in this unique and ancient martial art. Various organizations and associations have been established to preserve and promote Silambam, organizing competitions, workshops, and seminars to spread awareness and maintain its legacy.
Epilogue:
Silambam, the ancient Indian art of stick fighting, offers a fascinating glimpse into the rich martial heritage of the Tamil Nadu region. Its intricate techniques, deep-rooted philosophy, and cultural significance make it a valuable asset in the world of martial arts. As it continues to evolve and gain popularity on a global scale, Silambam serves as a testament to the enduring appeal of traditional martial arts. Whether you’re an aspiring martial artist or simply interested in exploring the cultural aspects of India, Silambam is a treasure worth discovering.
Navaratri, also spelled as “Navratri,” is a Hindu festival that spans nine nights and is celebrated in various parts of India with great enthusiasm and devotion. The term “Navaratri” originates from a combination of two Sanskrit words: “nava,” which translates to nine, and “ratri,” signifying night. The festival typically falls in September or October and is dedicated to the worship of the Hindu goddess Durga, although it is celebrated in different forms and with regional variations.
Key aspects and highlights of Navaratri:
Worship of Goddess Durga: Navaratri is primarily dedicated to the worship of the divine feminine, particularly Goddess Durga. It is believed that during these nine nights, Goddess Durga battles and triumphs over the demon Mahishasura, symbolizing the victory of good over evil.
Nine Forms of the Goddess: Each day of Navaratri is associated with a different form or aspect of the goddess Durga. Devotees offer prayers, perform rituals, and decorate idols or images of the goddess in accordance with the particular form being worshipped on that day.
Fasting and Devotion: Many people observe fasting during Navaratri as a form of penance and devotion. They abstain from certain foods and dedicate their time to prayer, meditation, and singing devotional songs (bhajans).
Garba and Dandiya Raas: In the western state of Gujarat, Navaratri is celebrated with energetic and colorful dances known as Garba and Dandiya Raas. People form circles and dance to traditional folk music while wielding sticks or clapping hands in rhythmic patterns.
Durga Puja: In West Bengal, the festival coincides with Durga Puja, a major event marked by elaborate decorations, processions, cultural performances, and the immersion of idols of Goddess Durga in rivers or water bodies.
Saraswati Puja: In some parts of India, particularly the southern states, the final day of Navaratri is dedicated to the worship of Goddess Saraswati, the goddess of knowledge and wisdom. Books and educational tools are placed before the deity, and students seek blessings for their studies.
Vijayadashami: The tenth day following Navaratri is celebrated as Vijayadashami or Dussehra. It marks the day when Lord Rama defeated the demon king Ravana, and it is considered an auspicious time for new beginnings.
Epilogue:
Navaratri is a time of spiritual reflection, cultural festivities, and community celebrations. The rituals and customs associated with the festival vary by region and tradition, but the central theme of honoring the divine feminine and celebrating the victory of good over evil remains consistent throughout.
Tamil Nadu, a mesmerizing South Indian state that invites travelers to embark on a unique journey filled with history, culture, and natural wonders. Located at the southern tip of the Indian subcontinent, Tamil Nadu is a land where traditions have flourished for millennia, where ancient temples and bustling marketplaces harmoniously coexist with pristine beaches and lush hill stations. In this article, we extend an invitation to explore the marvels of Tamil Nadu tourism, where each step you take unveils a new layer of the state’s rich tapestry.
The Path of Temples :
Tamil Nadu is often hailed as the “Land of Temples,” a title it truly deserves. It boasts a treasure trove of magnificent temples, each a testament to the state’s architectural and religious heritage. At the heart of this spiritual journey stands the Meenakshi Amman Temple in Madurai, a marvel adorned with thousands of intricate sculptures. Witness the grandeur of the Brihadeeswara Temple in Thanjavur, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, or lose yourself in the mystical aura of the Chidambaram Nataraja Temple.
Rich Cultural Celebration:
Tamil Nadu’s vibrant culture springs to life through its festivals, arts, and music. The state celebrates Pongal, the harvest festival, with great fervour, filling the air with the melodious tunes of Carnatic music. Don’t miss the opportunity to witness the graceful Bharatanatyam dance performances, where each movement narrates tales of devotion and love.
Jallikattu:
Jallikattu is more than just a sport; it’s a reflection of Tamil Nadu’s rural culture and reverence for cattle. Bulls used in Jallikattu are special breeds, revered as symbols of power and wealth. The event also serves as a platform for young men to demonstrate their bravery, agility, and physical prowess. Winning a Jallikattu competition brings honor and prestige to the participants and their villages.
Efforts are being made to strike a balance between preserving this centuries-old tradition and ensuring the humane treatment of animals. Jallikattu events continue to draw crowds of enthusiastic spectators and participants, showcasing the enduring spirit of Tamil Nadu.
Image Attribution : Mahendrabalan
The Enchanting Coastline:
Tamil Nadu’s coastline stretches for miles, offering some of India’s most picturesque beaches. Marina Beach in Chennai stands as India’s longest urban beach, where you can savor crispy sundal (a popular snack) and feel the soothing sea breeze on your face. For those seeking solitude, the serene beaches of Kanyakumari or the tranquil shores of Mahabalipuram offer an escape to tranquility.
Culinary Delights
No visit to Tamil Nadu is complete without savoring its delectable cuisine. Delight in crispy dosas, fluffy idlis, spicy curries, and the legendary Chettinad cuisine. From street food stalls to fine dining establishments, Tamil Nadu’s culinary offerings will tantalize your taste buds.
Nature’s Abundance:
Beyond its cultural and historical wonders, Tamil Nadu is blessed with natural beauty. Explore the lush Nilgiri Hills, a paradise for trekkers and nature enthusiasts. Marvel at the breathtaking beauty of the Palani Hills and the enchanting waterfalls of Courtallam. Birdwatchers can head to the Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary to spot a wide variety of avian species.
In conclusion
Tamil Nadu tourism offers an immersive experience that combines history, spirituality, and the splendor of nature. As you journey through its landscapes, you’ll be drawn into a world where time seems to stand still, where every corner holds a story waiting to be uncovered. Tamil Nadu invites you to be a part of its vibrant tapestry, a place where the past seamlessly intertwines with the present, and where every moment is a celebration of life’s richness. Come, embark on this exploration of Tamil Nadu, and be entranced by its timeless beauty and enduring heritage
Jallikattu Festival, also referred to as sallikkattu, constitutes a traditional spectacle deeply embedded in the cultural tapestry of Tamil Nadu, India. This vibrant celebration is an integral component of the Pongal festival, specifically observed on the auspicious occasion of Mattu Pongal, customarily falling within the month of January.
The Jallikattu Bull Festival is the daring interaction between humans and a formidable bull, where participants strive to clasp onto the bull’s imposing hump while the bull endeavors to evade their grasp. Typically, Jallikattu features bulls of the esteemed Pulikulam or Kangayam breeds.
Origin of Jallikattu Bull Festival:
The origins of Jallikattu bull festival trace back through the annals of time, harking to the Tamil classical era, dating from 400–100 BCE. It commenced as a pursuit of the Ayar tribes residing in the ancient Tamil Nadu’s Mullai region, evolving over time into a showcase of courage and skill. As an incentive, prize money was introduced, kindling greater participation.
Cultural Significance of Jallikattu:
Jallikattu events unite communities, nurturing a profound sense of identity and shared heritage. Moreover, the sport is regarded as a means to conserve indigenous cattle breeds, as the bulls involved are often native breeds well-suited to the local environment.
Controversies surrounding Jallikattu:
Despite its deep-rooted cultural value, Jallikattu has faced significant controversies.
- Animal rights activists argue that it involves cruelty to animals, as the bulls are subjected to stress and, in some cases, harm during the event.
- There have been instances of injuries and even fatalities among participants, adding to concerns about safety.
Legal and Regulatory Measures:
The Tamil Nadu Regulation of Jallikattu Act, 2009, enacted by the Tamil Nadu legislature, outlines a comprehensive framework to ensure the event’s orderly conduct:
- Securing written permission from the respective collector, a month in advance of the event.
- Meticulously preparing the arena and ensuring its safety standards.
- Enforcing a strict prohibition against participants under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
- Mandating the provision of medical facilities and veterinary assistance throughout the event.
- Uncompromisingly prohibiting the use of sharp objects or any form of cruelty towards the participating animals.
The Tamil Nadu Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Conduct of Jallikattu) Rules, 2017, issued by the Tamil Nadu government, lay out explicit guidelines for the proper conduct of Jallikattu:
- Validation of bulls, certifying their fitness for participation.
- Enforcing a compulsory veterinary examination preceding the event.
- Prohibiting the use of irritants or any actions amounting to cruelty against the bulls.
- Imposing stringent safety measures for the protection of participants and spectators alike.
The historical Jallikattu Protests on 2017
In 2014, the Jallikattu protests were triggered by a decisive ban on the sport, imposed by the Supreme Court of India. The ban was grounded in concerns over animal cruelty and the imperative to safeguard animals. It was the culmination of relentless efforts by animal rights activists determined to put an end to what they perceived as brutal treatment of bulls in the name of tradition. Jallikattu, a daring sport, entails young men attempting to seize the hump of a charging bull, gripping on until the bull either halts or throws them off, often resulting in injuries to both participants and the bulls themselves.
The ban, however, encountered fierce resistance in Tamil Nadu, a state where Jallikattu runs deep in the cultural and social fabric. Advocates passionately contended that Jallikattu was an inseparable part of their heritage and should be allowed to persist, albeit with stringent regulations to ensure the well-being of both animals and participants.
The year 2017 saw the Jallikattu protests gain substantial momentum. Thousands of individuals, primarily comprising young students and impassioned activists, converged at Chennai’s Marina Beach and various other locations across Tamil Nadu, united in their demand for the ban to be lifted. They asserted that Jallikattu was more than just a sport; it symbolized Tamil pride and identity.
The protests, characterized by their peaceful yet fervent nature, garnered widespread support from the people of Tamil Nadu. Eventually, responding to the collective will of the people, the state government enacted an ordinance that allowed the resumption of Jallikattu, albeit with specific safety measures in place. This decision marked a significant victory for the protesters, underscoring the influential role of public sentiment.
In conclusion, the Jallikattu protests represent a noteworthy social and cultural movement within Tamil Nadu. They illuminate the intricate interplay between tradition, animal rights, and regional identity, culminating in a compromise that permits Jallikattu to continue under regulated conditions, addressing some of the concerns expressed by both proponents and critics of the sport.
Epilogue:
Jallikattu is a centuries-old tradition that holds immense cultural significance for the people of Tamil Nadu. However, it finds itself at a crossroads where tradition clashes with concerns for animal welfare and safety. The regulations put in place in 2017 seek to strike a balance, but the debate continues. The future of Jallikattu will likely depend on ongoing dialogue and efforts to ensure that cultural heritage can coexist with ethical treatment of animals and the safety of participants. It remains an emblematic example of the complex interplay between tradition, culture, and evolving societal values.
New Year Festival is observed on January 1st every year to mark the beginning of a new year. It is the first day of the year that was initially observed according to the Julian calendar and currently followed according to the Gregorian calendar. Every new year brings with it possibilities to learn from the prior year and look ahead to the future prospects. New Year’s Day is a national holiday and a time for celebration throughout the world. It marks a date of a clean slate and a way for positive changes in one’s life. New Year is celebrated by different cultures in their unique style. In India, New Year is one of the most popular occasions celebrated in a festive manner.
Image Attribution : Fisher Chia
Origin & History of New Year Festival:
Though the exact date is not known, New Year is believed to have originated thousands of years ago during the ancient Babylon times. During ancient times the cycle of the sun and moon decided the first day of the year.
According to the early Roman calendar, March 1st was the first day of the year that consisted of ten months (from March to December). Later in pre-historic Rome as per the Julian calendar, the day was dedicated to Janus the god of gateways and beginnings.
During the middle ages a significant change was made to the Julian calendar by correcting the leap error mistake and thereby deleting ten days. The Gregorian calendar was acknowledged by Pope Gregory XIII and January 1st was reinstated as New Year’s Day. The reformed Gregorian calendar was thereby adopted by many countries gradually.
New Year Celebrations in India:
New Year is a time for new beginnings and celebrations. India is a land of diversity with different traditions and cultures. Different places in India celebrate this holiday differently. It being a restricted holiday, the Government and most of the business offices remain open.
People in India celebrate this day with family and friends. Many people make resolutions for the coming year. Live concerts, parties, singing and dancing are a part of this fun filled holiday. Night clubs, movie theatres, restaurants, resorts and amusement parks are filled with people on this day.
Wishing each other, exchanging cards and gifts and scintillating fireworks makes the day even more special.
New Year Shopping:
To keep up the spirit of the festival, special arrangements are made in advance. Markets and shopping malls become busy at this time of the year. People usually prepare themselves a week prior to New Year in order to avoid last minute hassles. The festival look can be seen as shopping centers pile up their stocks. New Year shopping becomes indispensable with all the people looking forward to New Year decorations and gifts.
New Year’s Day Traditions:
There are many ways to start off the new year. While the celebrations in different places vary, some of the common traditions include:
- The festivities in most countries begin on the day before, during New Year’s Eve which falls on December 31st.
- The day is guided in with a countdown until midnight and by making resolutions and setting goals to improve one’s life.
- A gathering of family, friends and loved ones, music, feasting and merriment add colours to the fun filled holiday.
- Purifying homes and offering prayers at home and temples also form a ritual.
- Just as the clock strikes midnight, new year wishes start pouring in.
- Cakes are cut and fireworks are burst to mark the end of the year.
- People often head to a party for a grand New Year bash and to have fun.
- Some people also prefer a quiet night at home watching movies and reading books.
- Exchanging gifts and greetings on New Year’s Day is a most common custom, one that strengthens the bond of love among friends and families.
- New Year’s Day is a time for quiet reflection where people try to let go of old regrets and try to remake one’s life.
- Modern practices include media reports through newspapers, magazines and television, about a review of the past year. Astronomical predictions for the coming year are also a common practice that people eagerly look forward to.
Epilogue:
New Year Day is all about hopes and celebrations. This fun-filled day is often seen as an opportunity to bid adieu to the past year and welcome the coming year with a ray of hope and optimism.
Pongal Festival – The Harvest Festival of South India
Pongal or Thai Pongal, a four days long festival, is one of the major festivals celebrated in South India, particularly by the Tamil communities. The festival is dedicated to Sun God praying and thanking him for the abundance in agricultural produce. Pongal is observed on the first day of the month of Thai (according to Tamil calendar), usually falling on January 14th or 15th every year. This harvest festival is celebrated throughout India under many regional names. Pongal is Tamil Nadu’s Harvest Thanksgiving Festival.
Image Attribution : Nithi Anand
Pongal – Tamilar Thirunal
“Thai Pirandhal Vazhi Pirakkum” is a famous Tamil quote that is signifying, ‘the beginning of Tamil Month Thai will make ready for new opportunities’. Pongal Festival is celebrated to mark the withdrawal of the South-east storms and just as the procuring of Harvest.
Etymology
The terms “Thai Pongal” are derived from Tamil language. ‘Thai’ refers to the name of the tenth month as per Tamil calendar and ‘Pongal’ in Tamil means ‘to boil’ or ‘overflow’. Pongal also refers to a sweet dish of rice boiled in milk and jaggery that forms a vital part of this festival.
History
From the various inscriptions and texts found in Hindu temples, the festival of Pongal can be dated back to the Chola period in the least. As per Hindu mythology, Basava or the bull was once informed by Lord Shiva to visit the Earth and ask humans to have an oil massage and bath every day.
Days of the Festival
Pongal festival is observed for three days beginning with Bhogi Pongal, followed by Surya Pongal, Mattu Pongal and Kanum Pongal.
Bhogi Pongal
Bhogi Pongal marks the last day of the Tamil month Margazhi (December-January) and the first day of Pongal celebrations. Houses are cleaned, painted and decorated, old belongings are discarded, new clothes are worn and women dance around a bonfire singing songs in praise of Nature and Gods marking the start of the festival. Prayers are offered to Lord Indra (The God of Rains) thanking and hoping for abundant rains in the forthcoming year.
Surya Pongal
Surya Pongal or Perum Pongal marks the main day of the festival. The festival falls on the first day of the Tamil month Thai (January-February). It coincides with Makara Sankranthi, the winter festival celebrated throughout India. As the name suggests, this festival is dedicated to the Sun God.
Preparation of Pongal dish in earthen pots, artistic Kolams or designs in front of the house, traditional attires, celebration with family and friends, and floral decorations forms a part of Surya Pongal.
Mattu Pongal
Mattu Pongal is celebrated the day after Surya Pongal. Mattu in Tamil means ‘cow, cattle, or bullock’. This day is dedicated to cattle thanking them for their help with the harvest. Decorating the cattles, offering them special meals, worshipping them, and events that include community games and sports forms a part of the celebrations. Mattu pongal is all about fun, frolic and festivities.
Kanum Pongal
Kanum Pongal marks the end of Pongal festivities for the year. The word in ‘Kanum’ in Tamil means ‘to visit’. Family reunions, social events and gatherings form a part of Mattu Pongal.
Pongal – The Dish
A significant part of the Pongal festivities is the preparation of the sweet dish Pongal. Freshly harvested rice is boiled in milk and jaggery (raw cane sugar). Other ingredients that add to the taste are cardamom, raisins, cashew nuts, coconut and ghee. Cooking of Pongal is done in sunlight, usually near a temple or in a porch or courtyard at home, as the dish is a dedication to the Sun God.
Pongal is cooked in a claypot which is decorated with flowers, leaves and Rangoli (kolam).
Epilogue
Pongal, more than just a festival symbolizes the celebration of life. It is the most cheerful way to start the year ahead on a thankful note. Pongal is all about embracing the goodness around us and having a gala time with friends and families.
Other Popular Festivals in Tamilnadu
The Madurai Chithirai Festival is a significant annual event held in the city of Madurai, located in the southern state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is celebrated during the Tamil month of Chithirai, which usually falls between April and May. The festival is known for its grandeur, religious fervor, and cultural significance.
Image Attribution : Military Karthick
Wedding of Lord Sundareswarar (Lord Shiva) and Goddess Meenakshi
The Chithirai Festival primarily commemorates the celestial wedding of Lord Sundareswarar (Lord Shiva) and Goddess Meenakshi (an incarnation of Goddess Parvati). The Meenakshi Amman Temple, dedicated to Goddess Meenakshi, serves as the focal point of the festival.
Main Events of Madurai Chithirai Festival
The festival spans several days and involves elaborate rituals, processions, and performances. Here’s an overview of the main events:
Flag Hoisting
The festival begins with the hoisting of a flag known as the Kodiyetram. This act signifies the commencement of the celebrations.
Coronation Ceremony
The coronation ceremony takes place in which Lord Sundareswarar is crowned as the King of Madurai, and Goddess Meenakshi is crowned as the Queen.
Processions
The highlight of the Chithirai Festival is the massive procession known as the Chithirai Thiruvizha. During this procession, the idols of Lord Sundareswarar and Goddess Meenakshi are taken out of the temple in beautifully decorated chariots and paraded through the streets of Madurai. The procession attracts thousands of devotees and tourists who gather to witness the grand spectacle.
Alagar Vaigai Elenthuarulal
As part of the festival, the deity Lord Alagar, the brother of Goddess Meenakshi, is brought in a golden procession from the nearby town of Alagar Kovil to Madurai. He is taken to the Vaigai River, where a symbolic bath takes place.
The Celestial Wedding
The pinnacle of the Chithirai Festival is the reenactment of the celestial wedding of Lord Sundareswarar and Goddess Meenakshi. The wedding ceremony takes place inside the Meenakshi Amman Temple with great devotion and fanfare. Devotees throng the temple to witness this auspicious event.
Apart from these main events, the festival also includes various cultural programs, music and dance performances, exhibitions, and traditional games. The streets of Madurai are adorned with decorative arches, colorful lights, and vibrant decorations. Food stalls are set up, offering traditional South Indian delicacies to the visitors.
The Madurai Chithirai Festival is not only a religious celebration but also a significant cultural event that showcases the rich heritage and traditions of Tamil Nadu. It attracts a large number of devotees, tourists, and scholars from all over the world, making it a must-visit event for anyone interested in experiencing the grandeur of Indian festivals.
Other Popular Festivals in Tamilnadu
Overview of Deepavali Festival
Diwali or Deepavali is one of the most popular Hindu festivals religiously celebrated in India. The festival is celebrated in Tamil Nadu during the Tamil month of Aippasi (October-November).
Deepavali marks new beginnings, the victory of good over evil and light over darkness. ‘Deep’ means light and ‘vali’ means row. Houses and streets are decorated by rows of lamps and lights.
Image Attribution : Koshy Koshy
Religious Significance for Diwali Festival
Diwali is an important celebration for various religions including Hinduism, Sikhism, Jainism and Buddhism. The festival of lights is observed in many Indian States. In the Eastern States, the festival is celebrated to mark the victory of Goddess Kali over demons. In the Northern States, Diwali is the day when Lord Krishna had lifted the Govardhan Hill to protect his village people from the wrath of Lord Indra. South Indians celebrate Deepavali to mark the victory of Lord Krishna over the demon Narakasura.
The Diwali Festival Celebrations
- Homes and offices are cleaned and decorated.
- The day before the festival, a huge oven is cleaned and made ready for oil bath for the whole family on the following day.
- The house is decorated with lights and kolams. Goddess Lakshmi, the deity of wealth and prosperity is worshipped.
- Lighting of diyas at homes and streets, colourful rangolis/kolams outside the house, puja and rituals forms a part of this festival.
- In addition to this, wearing new clothes, greeting near and dear ones, scintillating display of fireworks.
- Exotic sweets and feasts are prepared at home. Traditional sweets are served in temples for devotees.
- Cultural events, competitions and musical performances are held at many places to have more fun and frolic.
- Movies are released on the occasion of Deepavali and fans line up at cinema halls to watch the movie of their favourite stars.
- Fairs and exhibitions are held in cities where traditional handicrafts and souvenirs are kept for sale.
- Meenakshi Amman Temple in Madurai, Ranganathaswamy Temple in Thiruchirapalli and Kamakshi Amman Temple in Kanchipuram witnesses huge crowds of devotees during the Deepavali festival.
Epilogue
Diwali is a celebration of unity and love. This pious festival and its tradition fills people with joy, peace and happiness. It reminds us to give and forgive. Lately there has been widespread awareness among people about how to celebrate a safe and eco friendly Diwali, giving priority to our nature and environment. Supreme Court has now banned usage of conventional firecrackers to bring down pollution levels. It has also fixed a two hour window for bursting crackers.