Thirukarukavur is a village in the Thanjavur district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. This village is known for its cultural and religious significance, and it is home to the ancient Thirukarukavur Temple. It is a pilgrimage site for women who are looking to conceive, as well as those who are expecting.

Image Attribution: @andalpchockalingam from Instagram

Deities of Thirukarukavur Temple:

Mullaivananatha Swamy: Mullaivananatha Swamy can be seen as Mullaivananatha Swayambu Lingam. The deity is formed by cancer soil (Puttru mann in Tamil). Even today, the scar of the mulberry vine can be seen on the Linga Thirumeni. By worshiping the Swayambu deity Moolavar Mullai Vananathar with Punugu Chatam will cure incurable diseases and doshas especially skin related diseases and putra dosha.

Garbharakshambigai Amman: Garbharakshambigai Amman is the presiding deity of the Thirukarukavur Temple. She is a form of the Hindu goddess Parvati, and her name reflects her role as the protector of expectant mothers and their unborn children. The word “Garbharakshambigai” can be roughly translated as “the goddess who safeguards the womb.”

History of the temple:

Arulmiku Garbharatsambikai Ambal holds a special place in the history of Thirukarugavur. In ancient times, two revered sages, Gautama and Karkeyar, devoted themselves to penance in the tranquil surroundings of Mullai Vanam. These ascetics were attended to by Nithuruvar, a devout couple, who served them with unwavering devotion.

Nithuruvar Vedigai, however, faced a deep anguish in their hearts as they were childless. They expressed their sorrow to the sages and were advised that the divine presence residing in the Mullai forest, specifically the Goddess, could bless them with a child if they fervently prayed.

Nithuru and Vedika embarked on a profound journey of worship, paying homage to both the Lord and the Goddess. Their devoted prayers were answered when a joyous Makad was born into their lives. However, a tragic incident occurred when Vedika, heavily pregnant and alone due to her husband’s absence, lost her consciousness. It was during this vulnerable moment that Sage Urthuvada arrived, seeking alms. Oblivious to Vedika’s condition, the sage inadvertently uttered a curse, causing the dissolution of Vedika’s unborn child.

In her dire moment of need, Vedikai implored the Divine Mother, and the compassionate Ambal appeared as her savior. Ambal tenderly preserved the aborted fetus in a jar, safeguarding it until the day of the child’s birth. The child was named Nainthuruvan, and this remarkable event became a testament to the grace and benevolence of the divine.

In recognition of this extraordinary incident and the sanctity of Garbharatsambika, this sacred place was named Thirukarugavur. It stands as a haven for those who are with child, serving as a place of solace and prayer, offering blessings for expectant mothers and their unborn children.

Temple Sacred pond:

Ambal dispatched Kamathenu to provide nourishment for the infant Nainthuruvan, as there was no breast milk available. Kamadenu, the divine cow, grazed her hoof against the ground, resulting in a miraculous pool of milk. This revered site is now referred to as Sheerakundam, located in front of the temple.

Visiting Hours of the Temple:

The temple is generally open from 5.30 am to 12.30 pm and from 4.00 pm to 8.00 pm. However, during the month of March, it opens at 5.00 AM, operates until 12.00 PM, and then reopens at 4.00 PM, closing at 8.00 PM.

Festivals of Thirukarukavur Temple:

Thai Poosam : Thai Poosam is a momentous celebration observed during the Tamil month of Thai, typically falling in January-February. It draws large congregations of devotees to the temple, where they fervently offer their prayers and seek the benevolence of Garbharakshambigai Amman. The temple is resplendent with vibrant decorations and hosts captivating processions, creating a joyous and spiritually enriching atmosphere during this festival.

Navaratri : Navaratri, a nine-day festival dedicated to the goddess, is celebrated with devotion and fervor. It usually falls in September or October. The temple witnesses an influx of devotees during this period.

Maha Shivaratri: While the primary deity of the temple is Garbharakshambigai Amman, Maha Shivaratri, dedicated to Lord Shiva, is also celebrated with great devotion at Thirukarukavur Temple.

How to reach Thirukarukavur Temple:

By Road:

Thirukarukavur is well-connected by road. You can reach the temple by private or hired vehicle, taxi, or bus.If you’re traveling from major cities in Tamil Nadu, you can follow the road networks that connect to Thirukarukavur. The temple’s location is typically well-marked.Nagapattinam and Kumbakonam are two major nearby cities with good road connectivity to Thirukarukavur.

By Air:

The closest airport is Tiruchirapalli International Airport, commonly known as Trichy Airport, situated at a distance of roughly 115 kilometers from Thirukarukavur. Upon arriving at the airport, you have the option to either hire a taxi or board a bus for your journey to the temple. The road trip typically spans approximately 2-3 hours.

By Train:

The Thirukarukavur Temple is conveniently accessible from two nearby railway hubs: Mayiladuthurai Junction and Kumbakonam Junction. Both of these railway stations maintain strong connections to significant cities in Tamil Nadu, such as Chennai, Trichy, and Thanjavur. Upon alighting at the railway station, you can opt to hire a taxi or board a local bus to complete your journey to the temple.

Thirubhuvanam, also spelled as Tirubhuvanam, is a town located in the Thanjavur district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is known for its famous Shiva temple, the Kampahareswarar Temple, which is a significant religious and architectural landmark in the region.’

Image Attribution: @Meenakshi Adiyen from Facebook

Kampahareswarar:

At the heart of Thirubhuvanam Temple stands Lord Shiva, venerated in the form of Kampahareswarar, a name signifying “the Lord who quelled quakes.” This sacred shrine is dedicated to Lord Shiva as its principal deity, making it a significant destination for Shiva devotees. In this form, Lord Shiva is depicted with a human body, the head of a lion, and the wings of a bird. The deity is believed to possess extraordinary powers and is known for dispelling negative forces and obstacles

Architectural Grandeur:

The The temple adheres to the Dravidian architectural style. It features a towering vimana that stands in stark contrast to the Rajagopura. The sanctum sanctorum’s gopuram soars to a height of 130 feet and showcases a wealth of exquisitely crafted sculptures. The temple complex comprises two gopuras, two enclosures, an inner sanctum, artha mandapa, maha mandapa, and mukha mandapa. The inner sanctum takes the form of a square-shaped structure.

The Vimana, adorned with six bases, is adorned with intricate sculptures depicting scenes from the puranas. Notably, the front section of the temple is designed to resemble a chariot, soaring to an impressive height of 120 feet. The chariot’s walls, as well as the temple, are adorned with depictions of scenes from the Ramayana.

Unique Inscriptions:

The temple features inscriptions that provide historical and cultural insights into the Chola period. These inscriptions contain valuable information about the temple’s construction, its administration, and the contributions made by Chola kings.

Brihadeeswarar Connection:

The Thirubhuvanam Temple is often associated with the famous Brihadeeswarar Temple in Thanjavur. It is said that the construction of the Brihadeeswarar Temple, also a Chola marvel, was supervised by the architect Kunjara Mallan Raja Raja Perunthachan, who hailed from Thirubhuvanam. This connection adds to the temple’s historical significance.

Spiritual Significance:

Devotees believe that worshipping at this temple can bring protection from earthquakes and other natural disasters. It is a place where people seek solace and pray for the well-being of their families.

The temple is revered for its association with Lord Sarabeswarar, who is considered the guardian and protector against evil forces, black magic, and other malevolent influences. Devotees visit this temple to seek the deity’s blessings for protection and well-being.

Festivals :

The temple celebrates various festivals throughout the year. Maha Shivaratri, Arudra Darshanam, and Thai Poosam are some of the important festivals observed with great enthusiasm by devotees.

Visiting Hours of Thirubhuvanam Temple:

The Thirubhuvanam Temple welcomes visitors between 6 AM and 12:30 PM, and again from 4 PM to 9 PM.

How to reach Thirubhuvanam Temple:

By Road:

• Thirubhuvanam is well-connected by road. You can use private or public transportation to reach the temple.
• If you are coming from nearby towns or cities, you can hire a taxi or use local bus services to reach Thirubhuvanam.
• Major highways and well-maintained roads provide access to Thirubhuvanam.

By Train:

• The nearest major railway station is the Thanjavur Junction, which is well-connected to various parts of Tamil Nadu and other states.
• From Thanjavur Junction, you can hire a taxi or take a local train to reach Thirubhuvanam, which is approximately 40 kilometers away.

By Air:

• The nearest major airport is the Trichy International Airport (Tiruchirappalli International Airport), which is located about 75 kilometers away from Thirubhuvanam.
• After arriving at the Trichy Airport, you can hire a taxi or use other local transportation options to reach Thirubhuvanam.

Suryanar Kovil, also known as Suryanar Temple, situated near the town of Kumbakonam in the Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu. It is a renowned Hindu temple dedicated to the Sun god, Surya. It is one of the Navagraha temples located in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. This temple holds great significance for devotees who seek the blessings and relief from astrological afflictions associated with the Sun in their horoscopes.

Image Attribution: @selva.antriya from instagram

Architecture of Suryanar Temple :

The temple boasts a typical South Indian temple architecture, characterized by its intricate carvings, tall gopurams (towering gateways), and a large central sanctum dedicated to the Sun god. The temple’s premises are adorned with beautifully sculpted pillars and religious motifs, which reflect the artistic and architectural prowess of the Chola dynasty. The Cholas were great patrons of art, architecture, and Hinduism, and they contributed significantly to the construction and development of temples in the region.

Religious Significance:

Suryanar Kovil’s history is intertwined with the importance of the Sun god, Lord Surya, in Hindu mythology and astrology. Worship of the Sun has been a crucial aspect of Hinduism, and the temple was established to offer devotees a sacred place to pay homage to Lord Surya and seek relief from astrological afflictions associated with the Sun.

Deities of Suryanar Temple :

Lord Surya : The primary deity of Suryanar Kovil is Lord Surya, the Sun god. Lord Surya is depicted riding a chariot driven by seven horses, symbolizing the seven days of the week. The main idol is a magnificent depiction of the Sun god with rays emanating from his body.

Usha Devi: Usha Devi is the goddess of dawn and is often associated with the Sun god, Surya. She is considered a divine entity who heralds the arrival of the Sun each day.

Pratyusha Devi: Pratyusha Devi is the goddess of dusk, representing the twilight hours when the Sun sets. Like Usha Devi, she is closely linked with the Sun god’s cycle.

Kala Bhairava: Kala Bhairava is a fierce form of Lord Shiva and is often regarded as a protector of the temple. His presence is believed to guard the temple premises and ensure its sanctity.

Chandikeswarar: Chandikeswarar is a divine attendant of Lord Shiva, and his presence is common in Shiva temples. He is considered the guardian or sentinel of the temple.

These deities play a vital role in the temple’s daily rituals and festivities. Devotees pay homage to these deities as part of their worship and seek their blessings along with Lord Surya. The presence of these auxiliary deities adds depth and richness to the spiritual experience at Suryanar Kovil, allowing devotees to connect with various aspects of the divine within the same sacred space.

Rituals and Festivals Celebrated at Suryanar Kovil:

The popular temple festivals are Amavasai (new moon day), Kiruthigai, pournami (full moon day) and Sathurthi.

Suryanar Temple Timings:

The temple extends a year-round welcome to visitors, operating with morning hours from 6:00 am to 11:00 am and evening hours from 4:00 pm to 8:00 pm. Furthermore, it conducts six daily special pujas, commencing as early as 5:30 am and concluding as late as 10:00 pm, providing numerous opportunities for spiritual worship and devotion.

How to reach Suryanar Temple:

Address: Thirumangalakudi P.O, Thanjavur D.T, Thiruvidaimaruthur, Tamil Nadu.

By Air: The nearest major airport is Tiruchirapalli International Airport (TRZ), commonly known as Trichy Airport, which is situated approximately 95 kilometers (about 59 miles) from Suryanar Kovil. From the airport, transportation options include hiring a taxi or using public transit to reach the temple.

By Train: Kumbakonam Railway Station, well-connected to various cities and towns in Tamil Nadu, is the primary train station for reaching Suryanar Kovil. The temple is approximately 15 kilometers away from Kumbakonam. Visitors can hire a taxi or utilize local transportation to reach their destination.

By Road:

• For those starting their journey in Kumbakonam, the nearest major town and a central hub for Navagraha temple visitors, Suryanar Kovil is approximately 15 kilometers away. Travelers have the option to hire a taxi, take an auto-rickshaw, or use local buses to reach the temple.
• If you are traveling from Chennai, the state capital, you can choose to drive or take a bus to Kumbakonam. The distance between Chennai and Kumbakonam is roughly 280 kilometers (approximately 174 miles), and the journey typically takes around 5 to 6 hours by road.
• Another nearby city is Thanjavur, and Suryanar Kovil is located at a distance of about 40 kilometers (approximately 25 miles) from Thanjavur. Travelers can take a taxi or bus from Thanjavur to reach the temple.

Nestled in the village of Thingalur within Tamil Nadu’s Thanjavur district, Thingalur Chandran Temple or Kailasanathar Temple is a hallowed Hindu shrine dedicated to Chandra, the Moon God. As one of Tamil Nadu’s Navagraha temples, it stands as a rare and historically significant place of worship devoted to the Moon God.

Image Attribution : @ashwin_abhinav from instagram

Architecture of Thingalur Chandran Temple:

The temple is typically adorned with a five-tiered raja gopuram (entrance tower). Gopurams are a distinctive feature of South Indian temples, and they are intricately carved with depictions of various deities and mythological stories.

The temple complex includes several mandapams, or pillared halls, where devotees can gather for prayers and rituals. These halls are often exquisitely decorated with detailed carvings on the pillars and ceilings.

Yagasala is a sacred place within the temple complex where certain rituals and ceremonies are performed. It’s often marked by a specific architectural layout and features.In the temple courtyard, you may find a Dwajasthambam, a tall flagstaff, usually made of wood and adorned with colorful flags and religious symbols.The temple often features a surrounding granite wall that serves both as a protective boundary and as a canvas for more carvings and inscriptions.

Deities of Thingalur Chandran Temple:

At the heart of Kailasanathar Temple is the primary deity, Lord Shiva, venerated as Kailasanathar, with his divine consort, Periyanayaki. Furthermore, the temple features separate sanctums for the remaining eight planetary deities.

Within its sacred confines, the presiding deity is Lord Chandran, the Moon god of Hindu mythology. Lord Chandran is portrayed with a white complexion, clutching a club in one hand and a lotus in the other. The Moon, a celestial body of great significance, is linked to emotions, fertility, and mental equilibrium.

Religious Significance:

Thingalur Kailasanathar Temple temple is believed to be an important place for worship, particularly for those who seek relief from the malefic influences of a debilitated or afflicted Moon in their astrological charts. Devotees come here to perform special pujas and rituals to gain the blessings of Lord Chandran and balance the emotional and psychological aspects of their lives.

Thingalur Chandran Temple Rituals and Festivals:

Daily pujas and rituals are performed at the temple. Special pujas dedicated to Lord Chandran are conducted on Mondays, which are considered the most auspicious day to seek his blessings. The temple also comes to life during festivals and important lunar events.

Thingalur Chandran Temple Timings:

The temple’s regular visiting hours are from 6:00 AM to 11:00 AM and from 4:00 PM to 8:00 PM. On important festivals or special occasions, the temple may extend its hours and experience increased crowds, so it’s advisable to plan your visit accordingly.

How to reach Thingalur:

By Train: The nearest railway station to Thingalur is Kumbakonam Railway Station. You can take a train to Kumbakonam and then hire a taxi or use public transportation to reach Thingalur, which is approximately 35 kilometers away from Kumbakonam.

By Air: The nearest major airport is Trichy International Airport. From there, you can hire a taxi or take a connecting flight or train to Kumbakonam and proceed by road to Thingalur.

By Road: The temple is located at a distance of 45 km away from kumbakonam. This is the best place to visit for those, who have their private vehicle. The temple is located 1.5 km away from the state highway. The only way to travel here is from SH 22 by taking an auto from there. It is a little bumpy ride from SH22 towards the temple.

Thittai is located at a distance of about 10 kilometres from Tanjavur on the Tanjavur-Melattur-Kumbakonam route. The Vashishteswarar Temple or Thittai Guru Temple is one of the 276 Devara Paadal Petra Shiva Sthalams and 15th Shiva Sthalam located on the Southern Bank of River Cauvery in Thenkarai. The main deity of the temple is Lord Shiva as Sri Vashishteswarar.

Lord Shiva is Swayambumurthi (self-manifested form) in this temple. The temple is also famous as Guru (Jupiter) Parihara Sthalam (a place for absolution of one’s sins through Guru Pooja).

Historical Significance of the Temple

The temple is believed to have been built by the Chola King Kulothunganin in the 12th century AD. Later in the year 1922, the entire temple was reconstructed using granite by Sri Ramaswamy Chettiar of Chettinadu Nagarathar family.

There are many legends associated with this temple. It is believed that, when the whole universe was submerged at the time of great deluge (pralayam), this place stood atop resembling a sand dune(Thittai in Tamil) and hence the name Thenkudi Thittai. Another legend associated with the temple is that this is the place Guru (teacher of the Devas) appeared and forgave Lord Indra when he had disrespected him.

There is also a story that Sage Vashishtar had his hermitage here and performed penance after placing a lingam. And hence Lord Shiva is revered as Sri Vashishteswarar.

Deities in the Temple

The main deity (Moolavar) is Lord Shiva as Sri Vashishteswarar and Goddess (Thayaar) is Parvathy as Loganayaki. Other deities found in the temple are Sidhi Vinayagar, Murugan with his four consorts, four Shiva Lingams placed at four corners, Gajalakshmi, Mahalingam with Ambal, Navagraham and Bairavar.

The precincts of the temple houses shrines of Narthana Ganapathi, Dakshinamurthy, Lingothbavar, Brahma and Goddess Durga. A separate shrine and Vimanam (tower) for Guru Bhagavan is also found.

Unique Features of Vashishteswarar Temple

• This temple has the uniqueness of Guru Bhagavan in standing posture with four hands.
• Another prominent feature of the temple is that a drop of water falls on the main deity from the roof, every 24 minutes (1 Nazhigai in Tamil). It is stated that there is no source of water on the temple tower, however the two precious stones by name ‘Suryakaanthakkal’ and ‘Chandrakaanthakkal’ placed at strategic points above the tower that absorbs moisture from atmosphere and converts it into droplets is the reason for this wondrous phenomenon.
• The ceiling in the hall that is in front of Goddess Loganayaki’s shrine has stone carvings of 12 zodiac signs. Apart from being an architectural wonder, there is a belief that one’s desires are fulfilled by praying to the Goddess by standing under one’s zodiac sign.
• The pillars of the temple shows artistically carved granite sculptures including those of the Nalvars, Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvathy seated on a bull mount, Lord Murugan and Lord Vinayagar.
• The four lingams installed at the four corners of the temple gives it the name ‘Pancha Linga Kshetram’
• The glory of the temple has been sung by Saint Tirugnana Sambandar in his hymns.
• Lord Suryan (Sun God) is believed to offer his prayers to Lord Shiva by directing his rays on the Lingam twice in a year – 15th,16th & 17th of the Tamil month of Avani (August-September) and on 25th,26th &27th of the Tamil month Panguni (March-April).
• The temple has the significance of being fully constructed using granite.
• The temple pond Chakra Theertham is at the entrance of the temple.

Temple Timings of Vashishteswarar Temple

Morning 6:00 AM to 12:00 PM and Evening 4:00 PM to 8:00 PM

Festivals observed in the Temple

• Chitra Pournami – in the Tamil month of Chithirai (April-May)
• Vinayakar Chaturthi – in the Tamil month of Aavani (August-September)
• Annabishekam – in the Tamil month of Aippasi (October–November)
• Thiru Karthikai – in the Tamil month of Karthikai (November-December)
• Thiruvadhirai – in the Tamil month of Markazhi (December-January)
• Maha Shivrathri – in the Tamil month of Masi (Febuary-March)
• The annual Brahmotsavam and the festival commemorating Vasishtar’s marriage with Arundhathi – in the Tamil month of Vaikasi (May-June).
• Guru transition day
• Surya Pooja is performed when sun rays fall on the main deity.
• Pradosham once every fortnight.

How to reach Thittai Vashishteswarar Temple

Regular buses ply from Kumbakonam (around 33 kilometres away) and Tanjavur (around 10 kilometres away). Tanjavur is the nearest railway station and Trichy International Airport (72 kilometres away) is the nearest airport.

Swamimalai Swaminathaswamy Temple

Lord Murugan has six holy abodes (Arupadaiveedu) in Tamil Nadu. Swamimalai Sri Swaminathaswami Temple, located on a hilltop in Swamimalai, is one of them. The temple is located at a distance of 8 kilometres from Kumbakonam, on the banks of a tributary of River Cauvery. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department of the Govt. of Tamil Nadu.

Image Attribution : Shankaran Murugan

Historical Significance of the Temple

As per Hindu legend, Lord Murugan got angry with Brahma (the God of creation) when the latter had disrespected him at the time of visiting Mt. Kailash (abode of Lord Shiva). Lord Murugan intercepted Brahmma and demanded to know the meaning of the Pranava mantra ‘Ohm’. On Brahma not able to answer the question, Lord Murugan pounced on him, hit him hard on his forehead, imprisoned him and took up the role of the creator.

On request of the Devas (celestial deities), Lord Shiva comes to Murugan and asks to release Brahma, to which Lord Murugan refuses. Lord Shiva asks Murugan to explain the meaning Ohm, this is the place where the father became a student of the son and hence the name Swamimalai meaning ‘The Teacher of Shiva’. Therefore, according to Hindu belief, Swamimalai is the holy place where Lord Murugan preached the ‘Pranava Mantra’ to his own father.

Architecture of Swaminathaswamy temple

The Swamimalai temple is built on a ‘Kattu Malai’ meaning an artificial hill. The temple has three gopurams (towers) and three prakarams (precincts/outer part of the sanctum) – first one at the basement, second at midway on the way to the hillock and third on the hillock around the sanctum. There are 60 beautifully laid steps that lead to the temple and the steps are said to represent 60 Tamil calendar years.

The shrine of Lord Shiva as Sundareswarar and mother Parvathi as Meenakshi is located downhill.

The first precinct has a shrine of Vinayagar just outside the precinct and images of Dakshinamurthy, Durga, Chandikeswarar and the festival image of Swaminathaswamy.

The second precinct, also the largest one of the temple, houses the chariot and a marriage hall.

The sanctum houses the granite image of Swaminathaswamy which is 6 feet tall. The deity is adorned with golden armours, crowns and a diamond lance. Unlike other Murugan temples where a peacock is placed axial to the deity, this temple has an elephant.

Reference to the Literature

Swamimalai Temple has been praised by poet Nakkeerar in the hymns of Arunagiriar’s Tirupugazh and in Tirumugattrupadai

Swaminathaswamy Temple Timings

Morning 6:00 AM to 12:00 PM and Evening 4:00 PM to 10:00 PM.

Devotees are served Annadhanam every day. Rooms and cottages are available for devotees at nominal rates.

Pooja Timings

Pooja Name	Timings
Usha kalam	6:00 AM
Kalasanthi	9:00 AM
Uchikalam	12:00 Noon
Sayaratchai	5:30 PM
Irandan Kalam	8:00 PM
Arthajamam	10:00 PM

Worship practices in the temple include tonsuring, Abhishekam (ablution of deity) with milk, sandal, ash and panchamirtham.

Festivals observed in the Temple

The major festivals observed in the temple are:

• Kirutikai Festival – in the Tamil month of Adi (July-August)
• Car Festival – in the month of April
• Visakam Festival – in the month of May
• Navarathri – during the Tamil month if Purattasi (September –October)
• Kanda Shashti – in the month of October
• Tiru Karthikai – in the month of November/December
• Thaipusam – in the month of January
• Pankuni Uttiram – in the month of March

How to reach Swaminathaswamy temple

Regular buses and private cabs can be availed to reach Kumbakonam. Kumbakonam is well connected with all major cities in Tamil Nadu. Kumbakonam is the nearest railway head (8.5 kilometres away) and Trichy International Airport is the nearest Airport (85 kilometres away).

The Alangudi Guru Sthalam or Apatsahayeswarar Temple is located in the village of Alangudi in Tiruvarur District of Tamil Nadu. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva who is worshipped as Apatsahayeswarar (Moolavar) and represented by the Lingam. Goddess Parvathi (Thayaar) is worshipped as Elavarkuzhali. The historical name of the temple is Tiru Irum Poolai. The place is famous for being the Holy Sthala and is surrounded by three holy rivers – Cauvery, Kolidam and Vennaru. The temple is one of the nine Navagraha Temples for planet Jupiter (Guru).

The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department of the Govt. of Tamil Nadu.

Image Attribution : Shankaran Murugan

Historical Significance of the Temple

Lord Shiva, to protect the world, is said to have gulped the toxic poison of the celestial snake “Vasuki”. And hence, Lord Shiva is affectionately called “Abathsayeswarar” meaning “the rescuer who consumed the poison and protected the earth. The Lord of this temple is Swayambhu (self manifested form). The temple is also abode of Guru Brihaspathi or the planet Jupiter.

Though belonging to the ancient times, there are no proper historical documents that could trace the date of temple’s origin but it is stated that the temple was built by Amuthokar, minister of King Masukantha Chakravarti and devotee of Lord Shiva.

Reference to the Literature

The temple has been admired by Tirugnana Sambandar, in the 7th century Tamil Saiva sacred works, the Tevaram. The temple is revered as Paadal Petre Sthalam, one of the 275 temples that finds a place in Saiva canon.

Architecture of Alangudi Temple

The temple exhibits the distinct architecture of the Chola period. The Alangudi temple covers two acres of area and has two gopurams – the five-tiered Rajagopuram facing the main deity and the other gopuram facing North. The temple is surrounded by two Prakarams (outer part around the sanctum).

Deities of the Temple

The Alangudi Guru temple houses shrines of many Gods apart from the main deities Lord Shiva and his consort Parvati in the form of Elavarkuzhali. The temple is renowned for worship of Lord Guru in the form of Sri Dakshinamurthy, also known by the name Brihaspathi.

The other deities include Daksha (father of Mother Parvati with goat head), Sukravara Ambika, Kalangamal Katha Vinayaka, Lord Murugan, Lakshmi, Kaasi Viswanathar, Visalakshi, Sage Agasthya, Nalvars (Gnanasambandar, Tinuvanukkarasar, Sundarar and Manickavasagar), the authors of Thevaram and Tirunavukkarasar hymns (Suriyeasar, Somesar, Gurumaswarar, Somanathar, Sabtharishinathar, Vishnunathar, Brahmmesar).

Alangudi Guru Temple Pooja Timings

The temple is open from 6:00 AM to 11:00 AM and 4:00 PM to 8:30 PM

The temple offers Annadhanam (mid-day meals for 100 devotees).

The temple rituals performed during the day are:

Kalasanthi	6:00 AM
Irandam kalam	9:00 AM
Uchikalam	12:00 PM
Sayarakshai	6:00 PM
Irandan Kalam	7:30 PM
Arthajamam	9:00 PM

Alangudi Guru Temple Festivals

The major festivals celebrated in the temple are:

• Pancha Paruva Utsavam
• Gurupeyarchi
• 1008 Conch Abhisekha Festival
• Chitra Pournami Brahmotsavam (10 days festival)
• Guru Bhagavan car festival
• Thursdays in the Tamil month of Masi (February-March)

How to reach Alangudi Guru Temple

Alangudi is 40 kilometres from Tiruvarur on the Mannargudi route. Frequent buses are available from Tiruvarur and Kumbakonam. Kumbakonam is the nearest railway station (14 kilometres). Nearest airport is at Trichy (93 kilometres).
One can avail lodging facilities at Kumbakonam.

Epilogue

Alangudi Guru Temple is one of the most visited temples in the district of Tanjavur. It is a holy place that reminds us of our values based on the philosophy of Matha (Mother in the form of Goddess), Pitha (Father in the form of Lord Shiva) and Guru (Teacher in the form of Guru Dakshinamurthy).

Located in the heart of Tanjavur town, The Tanjavur Maratha Palace is currently the residence of the Bhonsle family that occupied Tanjore from 1674 to 1855. The palace locally called Aranmanai, was originally built by the Nayaks but after their defeat against the Marathas, the palace was taken over by the Marathas. The Department of Archaeology protects the important monuments present in the palace complex.

History of the Thanjavur Maratha Palace

The construction of Tanjavur Palace began in 1534 during the reign of Sevappa Nayak, and was completed in 1535. The Palace was called “Sivagangai Fort” and was under the Nayak family until April 1674, when the Maratha ruler Venkoji captured it. The Marathas, who expanded the complex, used it until 1799 after which it was finally annexed by the British.

Inside the Palace Complex

The Palace is divided into eight different sections – Royal Palace Museum, Serfoji Memorial Hall, Darbar hall, Saraswathi Mahal Library, The Art Gallery, Bell Tower, Sangeet Mahal and Sarjah Madi. Once past the main gate, you first reach the Ticket counter wherein you can pay for the entry tickets and camera fee. Separate tickets counters are available outside the Royal Palace Museum and Serfoji Memorial Hall.

Royal Palace Museum:

The Maratha Palace complex now owned by the Bhosle family has the Royal Palace Museum as its first section. It has a collection of royal headgears, weaponry, beautiful sculptures and many more items used by the royals.

Maharaja Serfoji Memorial Hall:

This hall is right next to the Palace Museum. Tourists have to get separate entry and camera tickets at the entrance. This hall commemorates the Maratha King Serfoji II (1798-1832). The place is a large hall with crafts items and photographs.

The Maratha Durbar Hall:

The Maratha Durbar Hall is the royal court hall which currently houses the Tanjavur Art Gallery. The hall has a beautifully painted ceiling and walls adorned by several paintings of yesteryear Maratha rulers and images of deities such as Shiva, Vishnu, Indra with their consort.

Saraswathi Mahal:

The Saraswathi Mahal located outside the palace, is one of the oldest and finest libraries in India. A library found inside the Saraswathi Mahal displays selected books.The library has more than a million manuscripts in various languages including Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu and Marathi.

Art Gallery (Nayak Palace Courtyard/Arsenal Tower):

This place was originally the Nayak Palace, built by the Nayaks. The palace was later converted into a museum with a wide collection of statues, weapons, old coins etc. In front of the palace is a big courtyard providing an extensive view of the building.

Koodagopuram/Arsenal Tower:

The Koodagopuram/Arsenal Tower, to the south of the courtyard, is a pyramidal structure with eight floors and is 192 feet tall. It was initially constructed in the year 1645 with two floors by the Nayaks, and was later renovated and finished by the Marathas in the year 1855. It was predominantly used for military purposes – second floor for the King’s martial arts training, first floor as a watchtower and remaining floors for storage of arms and ammunition.

The Maadamaaligai/Bell Tower:

This is a rectangular mansion as its name rightly suggests in Tamil language. The tower has seven floors and was once used as a time teller using the mechanical bell that rung every hour from the top.

Sangeet Mahal:

Sangeet Mahal is an indoor auditorium located opposite to the Art gallery. The hall was built by Sevappa Nayak in the year 1600. It was so acoustically designed so as to bring out the pure sound of music.

Sarjah Madi (Sadar Madi):

The place is located near to the main ticket counter. It has admirable five circular balconies, each in a different size.

Intriguing Features of the Palace

• The complex having been built by the Nayaks as a fort, and not a palace. The primitive and narrow staircases with short steps, sharp turns and low ceilings, all indicate how the complex was built to disrupt the enemies’ rapid advances.
• The palace encompasses at the least 3 hidden chambers, the access to which has now been prohibited by the Government. The chambers is said to have secret interconnecting doors and are believed to have been used as torture chambers and to conduct discreet meetings.
• The palace also has two underground passages that were designed as a getaway route during war. One of the tunnels, a mile long, is said to be connecting the palace to Brihadeeswara Temple.
• The Chandramouleshwar Temple is the royal family’s temple located on the ground floor. It is a very modest temple with a Shiva Lingam and two Nandhis (sacred bulls) in front. It was constructed by Achuthappa Nayak in the year 1589. The deity is worshipped every morning by the Royal families.
• The Arsenal Tower houses a 92 feet skeleton of “Whalebone Whale” also known as the Baleen Whale. The dead whale is said to have been washed ashore on 26th February 1955 in Tharangambadi Beach. The bones were soon after brought into the palace and preserved.
• Audiovisual displays are available on an hourly basis between 10:30 AM to 4:30 PM showcasing the history, main attractions of Tanjavur.

Timings & Entry Fee

The Royal Palace is open everyday from 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM , remains closed during lunch hours and is closed on public holidays.
Entry Fee – Rs. 30, Still Camera Rs. 30, Video Camera Rs. 300

How to reach Thanjavur Maratha Palace

Tanjavur is well connected to other cities. There are frequent local buses to Tanjavur, and it also has direct buses from Hyderabad, Ernakulam and Bangalore. Tanjavur Junction is the nearest rail head and Trichy International Airport is the nearest Airport.

Epilogue

Tourists are guaranteed a vivid experience through the display of colourful paintings, sculptures, ancient manuscripts, Indian art and history. The place is a storehouse of knowledge and information for History enthusiasts. With the assistance of guides, make sure you leave no stones unturned while exploring the amazing architecture and paintings of the primeval times.

The city of Gangai Konda Cholapuram is situated at 70 kilometres from Tanjore. It was built in the early 11th century by King Rajendra Chola, the son and successor of King Rajaraja Chola. The city has a prominent place in the history of India as the capital of Chola dynasty for about 250 years. The foundation stone of the Gangai Kinda Cholapuram temple was laid in 1020 AD, to represent the essence of Lord Shiva. This temple is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site ‘Great Living Chola Temples’.

History of Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple

The name Gangai Konda Cholapuram means “The town of the Chola who captured Ganges” marking the victorious march of Rajendra Chola to the Ganges. It epitomizes the accomplishments of the King. The temple is built equivalent to the magnum opus of Brihadeeswara Temple of Tanjavur.

Significance of the temple

The Gangai Konda Cholapuram temple has the biggest Shiva Lingam in South India. The temple is the abode of the 4 metre high lingam of Lord Shiva in phallic form. The unique idol of the Lord in the form of ardhanareesshwar (half masculine, half feminine) reflects the duality that exists in divine energy. The temple is adorned with beautiful sculptures of ‘Suryapita’ and ‘Navagrahas’.

Architecture of Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple

The architectural excellence found in the Gangai Konda Cholapuram Temple is second to none. The 182 feet tall tower (Vimana) is the second biggest after Thanjavur Big Temple. The temple’s incredible sculptures and carvings, rich and intricate artistry makes it a famous historical spot.

Deities of the Temple

• The temple has the biggest Lingam (13.5 feet high). The Lingam manifestation in a dual form is different from the shrines of other Shiva temples.
• The entrance way to the presiding deity is adorned by a magnificent image of Goddess Saraswathi.
• The statue of Nandi (the vehicle of Lord Shiva) is bigger in size than that of Tanjavur. The Nandi is made of line stone.
• The other notable masterpieces that embellish the sanctum are the cosmic image of Lord Shiva, emblematic representation of the Sun God, the sculpted version of Goddess Parvati and the dancing form of Lord Ganesha.
• A rare stone by name Chandrakanta has been installed under the main shrine which possesses the characteristic of making the sanctum sanctorum warm in winter and cool in summer.

Temple Timings – Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple

• 6:00 AM to 12:00 PM
• 4:00 PM to 8:00 PM

Pooja Timings – Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple

Morning Pooja/Kala Sandhi	9:00 AM
Mid Noon Pooja/Utchi kalam	12:00 Noon
Evening Pooja/Sayaratchai	6:00 PM
Night Pooja/Artha Jamam	8:00 PM

Temple Festivals – Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple

The major festivals observed in the temple are:

• Maha Shivrathri in February-March
• Aipasi Poornima full moon day in October-November
• Panguni Utsav in March-April
• Margazhi Tiruvadhirai in December-January

How to reach Gangai Konda Cholapuram?

Gangai Konda Cholapuram lies on NH 227 from Chidambaram to Trichy and is well connected to all major cities by road. The place is at a distance of 42 kilometres from Chidambaram and 40 kilometres from Mayiladuthurai. Nearest rail head is at Kumbakonam (34 kilometres). Nearest airport is at Trichy (135 kilometres away), Chennai International Airport is at a distance of 245 kilomteres.

Brihadeeswarar Temple – An Architectural Marvel

Brihadeeswarar Temple in Tanjore (Thanjavur), Tamil Nadu is dedicated to Lord Shiva. The temple is a part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site and is one of the “Great Living Chola Temples”. Also known as the Big Temple, it has one of the most beautiful architectural grandeur of the Chola era.
The revered Brihadeeswarar temple is located in Thanjavur, about 350 kilometres southwest of Chennai. It is very near (around 1 kilometre) from the Old bus stand in Thanjavur.

History of the Temple

The Brihadeeswarar Temple also called the Rajarajesvaram or Peruvudaiyar Koyil was built by King Raja Raja Chola I in the 11th century. Tanjavur was an important city to the ancient Cholas, who converted it into a major temple city from a collection of villages. The Brihadeeswara Temple was built in the centre of the city. Its glorious Dravidian architecture and Indian workmanship has made it unique over the years. The temple which was named Rajarajesvaram after it was edified by Raja Raja Chola I in the year 1010 AD, was later on renamed as Brihadeeswara temple following the invasion of Tanjore by The Marathas and Nayakas.

The name Brihadeeswara is derived from two Sanskrit words namely “Brihat” meaning “lofty or big” and “Ishvara” meaning “Lord , Shiva”, giving it the name “The big Lord Shiva temple” or “The all pervasive Lord”.

Architectural Excellence of Brihadeeswarar Temple

A masterpiece in architecture, the Brihadeeswara temple though adopting the architectural elements of South India, was much ahead of its time. And though none of the massive palaces that were built during the reign of the Cholas exist now, the fact that Brihadeeswara Temple has stood the testimony of time for more than a thousand years proves the superior architectural accomplishment of the Chola dynasty and the patron’s incomparable devotion for Lord Shiva. One of the most prominent features of the temple is that it is so designed that the Vimana/Shikara does not cast a shadow at noon. It is also the first complete granite temple in the world built with intricately carved designs.

The temple is a marvel made out in granite, the granite in its massive size is believed to be brought from far off places since it has been observed that no granite quarry is available around the temple.

Structures in and around the Temple

The temple complex is a rectangle one and is built on a higher platform of a man-made mound. It is surrounded by a moat (channel filled with water) on two sides and the Grand Anaicut river on the other side.

There are two entrances to the temple. It can be entered into through a five-story gopuram or through a smaller free-standing gopuram that takes you directly to the main complex. The main gateways or gopurams are on the east side. The first gopuram Keralantakan Tiruvasal was built by and bears the surname of King Rajaraja. The inner courtyard gopuram, about 100 metres ahead is called the Rajarajan Tiruvasal. This gopuram leads to a vast courtyard.

The great tower and the main temple monuments are in the middle of the courtyard. Around the main temple, are a number of sub-shrines that are mostly aligned axially. The large pillared Pradakshina veranda (circumambulation path) is built around the courtyard.

The temple built on a space of 240 metres by 122 metres is divided into five main sections:

1. Sri Vimana – The Vimana or temple tower of Brihadeeswara temple is one of the tallest in the world with an elevation of 66 metres. It is unbelievable to see an octagonal-shaped cap stone weighing about 81 tonnes placed on top of the Vimana. The Vimana is referred to as the Dakshina Meru (Meru mountain of the South), owing to its imposing massiveness.
2. Nandi Mandapam – At the entrance of the temple is a figurine of Nandi (the consecrated bull, the divine vehicle of Lord Shiva) which is monolithic measuring approximately 13 feet high and 16 feet long. The idol of Nandi, belonging to Nayaka period, has been remarkably carved from a single rock and it faces the main shrine in the sanctum sanctorum. The Nandi Mandapa is filled with pillars with ornate sculptures.
3. Mukhamandapam – Mukhamandam or the main community hall is aligned between the Nandi Mandapam and the sanctum. The entrance of the Mukhamandapam has two dwarapalakas (guards). This hall is believed to have been used by musicians and dancers performing in service of Lord Shiva.
4. Mahamandapam – The Mahamandapam or the great gathering hall has six pillars on each side filled with artwork. This mandapam also is bordered by two giant stone dwarapalakas. The Mahamandapam is linked to the Mukhamandapam by stairs.
5. Ardhamandapam – Ardhamandapam is the building structure that connects the Mahamandapam with the sanctum.

Garba Griha (Sanctum Sanctorum)

The innermost chamber (knows as ‘Periya Kovil’) is at the center of the courtyard. It hosts the chief deity of the temple, Lord Shiva in the form of a huge stone Linga. The Linga is 29 ft high and is one of the largest monolithic sculptures in India.

Other Deities & Sculptures

Other deities of the temple called the Koshtha Moorthigal, are found in the outer wall. These deities include Dakshinamurthy, Surya, Chandra, Agni, Yam, Nirrti, Varuna, Vayu, Kuber, Isana and Ashta Dikpaalakas. In addition to the main deities, each side has dwarapalakas and various sculptures. The ground floor sanctum walls are adorned by the following sculptures:

• East Wall – Lingodbhava, Pashupata Murti and two Dwarapalakas along side the pathway from Ardhamandapam.
• South Wall – Ganesha, Vishnu with his consorts Sridevi and Bhudevi, Lakshmi, Vishnu-Anugraha murti, Bhikshatana, Virabhadra, Dakshinamurti, Kalantaka, Nataraja and the two Dwarapalakas.
• West Wall – Harihara, Lingodbhava, Chandrashekhara without Prabhavali, Chandrashekara with Prabhavali and the two Dwarapalakas.
• North Wall – Ardhanarishvara, Gangadhara without Parvathi, Pashupata Murti, Shiva-Alingana Murti, Saraswati, Mahishasuramardini, Bhairava and the two Dwarapalakas.

On the second floor is depicted, Lord Shiva’s Tripurantaka form (Lord Shiva with four arms-an axe and deer on the upper pair and bow and arrow on the lower pair of the arms) in different postures. Above these floors is the towering Vimana and single granite block.

Brihadeeswarar Temple Attractions

• The walls of the complex are decked with beautiful paintings belonging to the Chola and Nayak period.
• The main temple is entirely built of granite. More than 130,000 tons of granite is said to have been used to build it.
• The temple is said to have inscriptions (in Tamil and Grantha scripts) divulging information about the features of the temple and its construction. The north wall of enclosure includes inscriptions detailing about the people employed and supported by the temple. The inscriptions also state the daily rituals to be conducted, details of offerings and decorations to be made, jewels used in the period, methods of worship on important occasions and other information regarding the administration of the temple.
• The walls and architectural surroundings is said to be adorned with carvings and colourful paintings depicting the rich history of art, culture, mythology and science of the era.
• The temple is more than 1000 years old and finds its place in many of the contemporary works of the period like Muvar Ula and Kalingathuparani.
• The temple has been declared as a heritage monument by the Government of India and administered by the Archaeological Survey of India as a protected monument.
• The temple holds its annual dance festivals for over 10 days around the Mahashivarathri in February.

Temple Timings of Brihadeeswarar Temple

It’s very common to see devotees throng the temple in queues as early as 5:00 AM. Sundays are extremely crowded. Timing are as follows

• 5:30 AM to 12:00 PM and
• 4:00 PM to 9:00 PM

Brihadeeswarar Temple Pooja Timings

Morning Pooja/Kala Sandhi	8:30 AM
Mid Noon Pooja/Utchi Kalam	12:00 Noon
Evening Pooja/Sayaratchai	5:30 PM
Night Pooja/Artha Jamam	8:30 PM

Brihadeeswarar Temple Festivals

The major festivals observed in the temple are:

• Chitirai Brahotsavam, 18 days festival during the Tamil month of Chitirai (April-May)
• Shivarathri, in the Tamil month of Maasi (February)
• Navarathri, 9 days festival during the Tamil month of Purattasi (September-October)
• Aaruthra Darshanam, in the Tamil month of Marghali (December-January)
• Pradosham, once in every fortnight
• Girivalam, every full moon day (Pournami)
• Special Pooja during the days of Thiruvadhirai, Aadi pooram and Karthigai
• Sathabisha star day every month, which is said to be the birth star of King Rajaraja

Accommodation

Thanjavur is known to be one of the most popular religious and cultural hub in Tamil Nadu. The place offers accommodation facilities that suits every budget and preferences.

How to reach Brihadeeswarar Temple

Thanjavur can be easily accessible by road from nearby cities. Frequent government and private buses take you to Thanjavur throughout the day. Thanjavur is the nearest rail head and Tiruchirapalli Airport (65 kilometres) is the nearest airport.

Epilogue

Being a very popular tourist location, the temple is swarmed by tourists throughout the year. Uncover the grandeur of this temple along with the various legends associated with it. The place is a virtual treat for lovers of photography to soak in the divinity preferably in the morning and evening. A perfect blend of religious atmosphere and sheer architectural splendor, Brihadeeswara temple is indeed a sight to behold.